| Anne Horton | |
|---|---|
| Duchess of Cumberland and Strathearn | |
 Portrait byThomas Gainsborough, 1773–77 | |
| Born | Anne Luttrell (1743-01-24)24 January 1743 Marylebone,London,Kingdom of Great Britain |
| Died | 28 December 1808(1808-12-28) (aged 65) Trieste,Austrian Empire |
| Spouse | |
| Father | Simon Luttrell, 1st Earl of Carhampton |
| Mother | Judith Maria Lawes |
Anne, Duchess of Cumberland and Strathearn (néeLuttrell, laterHorton; 24 January 1743 – 28 December 1808) was a member of theBritish royal family, the wife ofPrince Henry, Duke of Cumberland and Strathearn, brother of King George III. Her sister was Lady Elizabeth Luttrell who was her companion and managed her home.
Anne was born on 24 January 1743 inMarylebone,London,[1] and baptised on 17 February 1742 at St Marylebone, Westminster.[2] She was the daughter ofSimon Luttrell, later firstEarl of Carhampton, and his wife, Judith Maria Lawes, daughter ofSirNicholas Lawes,Governor of Jamaica. Her younger sister and close companion, Elizabeth, was born on 3 February 1744 in London.[1]
Her father was a Member of theHouse of Commons before being createdBaron Irnham in 1768,Viscount Carhampton in 1781 andEarl of Carhampton in 1785.
Anne was first married to aDerbyshire gentleman, Christopher Horton (sometimes spelt Houghton) ofCatton Hall, on 4 August 1765.[3]
She was later widowed and marriedPrince Henry, Duke of Cumberland and Strathearn, the sixth child ofFrederick, Prince of Wales, andAugusta of Saxe-Gotha, and a younger brother ofGeorge III. Their marriage took place atHertford Street inMayfair, London on 2 October 1771.
_with_the_Duchess_of_Cumberland_(1743-1808)_and_Lady_Elizabeth_Lu..._-_Google_Art_Project.jpg)
George III did not approve of the marriage as Anne was a commoner and previously married. He later had theRoyal Marriages Act 1772 passed to prevent any descendant ofGeorge II marrying without the consent of the sovereign, a law which remained in effect until the passage of theSuccession to the Crown Act 2013, which, in addition to several other modifications, limited the requirement to obtain royal consent to only the first six persons in line to the throne (rather than all descendants). As the Act's provisions could not be applied retroactively, Anne and the Duke's marriage was considered valid.
The Cumberlands moved to York House, renamedCumberland House, onPall Mall and lived there until the Duke's death in 1790. The house became an alternative court as the Duke was in open dispute with his mother and brother. The court was successful and Anne's sister Elizabeth Luttrell took a good share of the credit. She had been a witness at her sister's secret wedding and the couple had given her her own wing of Cumberland House. The Duke's finances were maintained by gambling tables at their home and Elizabeth managed them successfully.[1]
In 1800, the widowed Duchess surrendered it to the banks who held mortgages on it.[4]
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Horace Walpole wrote "her coquetry was so active, so varied and yet so habitual, that it was difficult not to see through it and yet as difficult to resist it".[5] While she was considered a great beauty, Walpole thought her merely "pretty", except for her green eyes, which he admitted were enchanting. That her eyes were remarkably expressive is confirmed by the several portraits of Anne byThomas Gainsborough, one of which is in theHugh Lane collection.
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