Annapurna Devi | |
|---|---|
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| Born | Roshanara Khan 17 May 1927 |
| Died | 13 October 2018(2018-10-13) (aged 90–91) |
| Occupation | Musician |
| Spouse(s) | |
| Children | Shubhendra Shankar |
Annapurna Devi (Bengali pronunciation:[ɔnːopurɳadebi]; 17 April 1927 – 13 October 2018)[1] was an Indiansurbahar player ofHindustani classical music. She was given the name 'Annapurna' by MaharajaBrijnath Singh of the formerMaihar Estate, and it was by this name that she was popularly known. She was the daughter and disciple of UstadAllauddin Khan, and the sister ofUstad Ali Akbar Khan.[2][3] PanditRavi Shankar was her first husband, with whom she had a son,Shubhendra Shankar, who was an artist and a sitarist.[4][5]
She was an extremely private person and was never interested in being a professional musician like the rest of her family. However, she was active throughout her life as a teacher to many other prominent musicians likeNikhil Banerjee,Hariprasad Chaurasia,Nityanand Haldipur,Sudhir Phadke and Sandhya Phadke.[6] She was the only known female maestro of thesurbahar in the 20th century.[7]
Annapurna Devi was born on 17 April 1927 atMaihar, a princely state inMadhya Pradesh, India.[8][9][10][a] Her father, UstadAlauddin Khan, was the royal court musician at the court of MaharajaBrijnath Singh ofMaihar State. Since on the day of her birth, he was away, it was the Maharaja who named her 'Annapurna'.[13] Since she was born Muslim, her Islamic name was Roshanara Khan. However, she was always addressed to as Annapurna at home, and this name was legally formalised when she converted to Hinduism on the day of her marriage to Ravi Shankar.
Her father, Alauddin Khan was one of the disciples of Ustad MohammadWazir Khan, the last descendant of theMian Tansen, and was therefore a musician of the Rampur Senia Gharana. He went on to found the Senia-Maihar Gharana, which was a branch of the Rampur Senia Gharana of Wazir Khan but with its own uniqueness as a result of the more eclectic erudition that Alauddin Khan himself had acquired in his life through many other gurus, his adherence to the Dhrupad style of playing, and his openness and versatiliity ofbaaj or playing style. Her uncles,Fakir Aftabuddin Khan andAyet Ali Khan, were also musicians inShibpur. Her brother, UstadAli Akbar Khan, was asarod maestro and was considered by many as a 'national treasure' in India.[14]
When she was young, her father discovered that she was pitch-perfect and had a knack for remembering notations although she was untrained. This led to him initiating her into Hindustani Classical music in vocal training. A case of tonsilitis and surgery led him to shift her to an instrument, the sitar.[15] Initially, she was trained as a sitarist. However, her father felt that the more complexbeenkari style of music of Wazir Khan, which he had learnt on the sursringar, could be handed down to her as legacy as she was more interested in being his erudite student than a performer. Therefore, he had her switch to the surbahar, which she played in theWazirkhani beenkari style. This decision would lead to the handing down of thetantrakari or playing-style in an uncompromised form.
Annapurna Devi became a very accomplished musician within a few years of training. After her father's demise, she would become the lodestar of hergharana, guiding many of her father's disciples, includingNikhil Banerjee,Bahadur Khan,Ashish Khan, etc. in classical music as well as in the techniques and intricacies of instrumental performances.
On 15 May 1941, Annapurna Devi converted to Hinduism and married fellow pupil,Ravi Shankar, at the behest of Shankar's eldest brotherUday Shankar. Ravi Shankar would go on to become a world famous musician on his own right.[8][16] They had a son,Shubhendra Shankar (1942–1992), who was a graphic artist and also a musician.[5][16] They were informally separated from the '60s, when Ravi Shankar left India for the United States with his then-paramour Kamala Chakravarty. The couple got divorced in 1982.[8]
Annapurna Devi married Rooshikumar Pandya inBombay on 9 December 1982.[16] Rooshikumar Pandya, who was 42 years old at the time of their marriage, was a communication expert and psychology professor in Canada and the USA. Prof. Pandya was also an amateur sitarist and had been learning sitar from Devi since 1973 at the recommendation of her brother, Ali Akbar Khan, who was also his guru (as was Ravi Shankar). He died suddenly of a cardiac arrest in April 2013 at the age of 73.[17][18] Annapurna Devi died of age-related issues on 13 October 2018 in Mumbai, aged 91.[19] In her last years, she was looked after by her students, primarily PanditNityanand Haldipur.
One of her earliest concerts with the surbahar was when she played in honour of the Raja of Maihar. She was rewarded with a large tract of land for her performance.[9]
From 1946 to 1957, Ravi Shankar and Annapurna Devi performed duets in Delhi, Mumbai and Calcutta. Her student Vinay Bharat Ram had once reported that she was uncomfortable accepting payment for concerts, as it was her belief that it was akin to selling the GoddessSaraswati.[6]
While teaching at her brother's college when it was in Calcutta, she would occasionally give performances, though with strict instructions that she should not be recorded. After she moved to Mumbai permanently, she taught for a while at The National Centre for the Performing Arts (NCPA), Mumbai.
For the rest of her life, she was a much-sought afterguru for students and aficionados of Hindustani Classical music, though she only accepted a handful of them. Per her father's instructions, she never took any fee whatsoever for her tutorship. Her pupils were not restricted to a single instrument.[b] They included:
| Instruments | Students |
|---|---|
| Sitar | Nikhil Banerjee |
| Bahadur Khan | |
| Hiren Roy | |
| Kartik Kumar | |
| Indranil Bhattacharya | |
| Debi Prasad Chatterji | |
| Sudhir Phadke | |
| Sandhya Phadke-Apte | |
| Sarod | Aashish Khan |
| Dhyanesh Khan | |
| Basant Kabra | |
| Pradeep Barot | |
| Suresh Vyas | |
| Flute | Hariprasad Chaurasia |
| Nityanand Haldipur | |
| Dilruba | Dakshina Mohan Tagore |
| Violin | Satyadev Pawar |
| Surbahar | Niloufer Khan |
| Vocal | Vinay Bharat Ram |
She was also the key figure of Acharya Alauddin Music Circle inMumbai.[15]
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