Annan
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  Annan Location withinDumfries and Galloway | |
| Population | 8,760 (2020)[2] |
| OS grid reference | NY 192 661 |
| • Edinburgh | 67 mi (108 km) |
| • London | 273 mi (439 km) |
| Council area | |
| Lieutenancy area | |
| Country | Scotland |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | ANNAN |
| Postcode district | DG12 |
| Dialling code | 01461 |
| Police | Scotland |
| Fire | Scottish |
| Ambulance | Scottish |
| UK Parliament | |
| Scottish Parliament | |
| 54°58′59″N3°15′58″W / 54.983°N 3.266°W /54.983; -3.266 | |
Annan (/ˈænən/AN-ən;Scottish Gaelic:Inbhir Anainn) is a town and formerroyal burgh inDumfries and Galloway, south-west Scotland.Historically part ofDumfriesshire, its public buildings include Annan Academy, of which the writerThomas Carlyle was a pupil, and aGeorgian building now known as "Bridge House". Annan also features a Historic Resources Centre. In Port Street, some of the windows remain blocked up to avoid paying thewindow tax.
Each year on the first Saturday in July, Annan celebrates the Royal Charter and the boundaries of the Royal Burgh are confirmed when a mounted cavalcade undertakes the Riding of the Marches. Entertainment includes a procession, sports, field displays and massed pipe bands. Annan's in America first migrated to New York and Virginia. Annandale Virginia is an early settlement which celebrates The Scottish Games annually.
Annan stands on theRiver Annan—from which it is named—nearly 2 miles (3 km) from its mouth, accessible to vessels of 60 tons as far asAnnan Bridge and 300 tons within1⁄2 mile (800 m) of the town.[3] It is 15 miles (24 km) fromDumfries byrail,[4] in the region ofDumfries and Galloway on theSolway Firth in the south ofScotland.Eastriggs is about 3 miles (5 km) to the east, whileGretna and theEnglish border is about 8 miles (13 km) to the east.
Roman remains exist nearby.[4]
The Mote of Annan formed the original home of thede Brus family, later known as the Bruces, lords of Annandale,[4] which most famously producedRobert the Bruce. It was at theBattle of Annan in December 1332 that Bruce supporters overwhelmed Balliol's forces to bring about the end of the first invasion of Scotland in theSecond War of Scottish Independence. TheBalliols and theDouglases were also more or less closely associated with Annan.[4]Annan Castle once stood in the old churchyard and was originally the church tower.
The Battle of Bruce's Acres was fought nearNewbie Castle against the English in the 13th century.
Bruce's Well is a natural spring that lies on the edge of the River Annan just downstream of the Gala Burn and Glen. It is associated with Robert the Bruce as recorded by Historic Environment Scotland.
During the period of the Border lawlessness the inhabitants suffered repeatedly at the hands ofmoss-troopers and through the feuds of rival families, in addition to the losses caused by theScottish Wars of Independence.[4] During his retreat fromDerby,Bonnie Prince Charlie stayed in the High Street at the inn where Back to the Buck now stands.
With the river embanked, Annan served as amaritime town whose shipyards built manyclippers and other boats. Acairn on the jetty commemoratesRobert Burns, who worked as an exciseman here in the 1790s. Although the port is now mainly dry, a few stranded boats remain.
The alumni ofAnnan Academy includeThomas Carlyle.[4]
After theActs of Union 1707, Annan,Dumfries,Kirkcudbright,Lochmaben andSanquhar formed theDumfriesdistrict of burghs, returning one member between them to theHouse of Commons of Great Britain.[3] Annan previously formed aconstituency of theParliament of Scotland and theConvention of Estates.
The population of Annan in the 1841 census was 4,409 inhabitants.[5]
In 1871, the Dumfries Burghs had a population of 3,172 and the royal burgh of Annan had 4,174, governed by a provost and 14 councillors.[3]
A Harbour Trust was established in 1897 to improve the port.[4] The small Newbie Harbour lay on the other side of the River Annan near Newbie Mill and served the oldNewbie Castle and barony.
Annan Town Hall was built inScottish baronial style using the localsandstone and completed in 1878.[6]
By 1901, the population was 5,805, living principally in red sandstone buildings.[4]
Therailway turntable in theNational Railway Museum,York was manufactured by John Boyd and Co of Annan[7] in 1954. It is the only survivor of a small batch assumed to have been subcontracted from the main turntable manufacturing company, Cowans Sheldon.The design and development of the railway turntable has, on occasion, been erroneously attributed to Annan because of the exhibit in the NRM.
In 2021, the town was affected by heavy rainfall and flooding, resulting in the collapse of two footbridges on the River Annan. The Cuthbertson Memorial Bridge, down from Galabank and in view of the A75 bypass, was completed in 1957 in memory of Surgeon Lieutenant William Cuthbertson who died in the Second World War.Meanwhile, the Diamond Jubilee Bridge, accessible from the Warmanbie road, was much older having been built in 1897 to commemorate Queen Victoria's 60th year on the throne.The local population was devastated by the bridges being swept away as they were symbolic, vital and important for the local community. The nearest crossing of the river is south at Annan Bridge and at the north it is Brydekirk.[8]
Annan, along with many other local settlements in the Dumfriesshire region, use the colours black and gold on the town's sports teams. A proposed flag was designed by Philip Tibbetts in 2017, but has yet to be adopted. However, the coat of arms of the town show the Bruce red saltire on gold background combination. Meanwhile, the Riding of the Marches common riding is synonymous with the royal blue and gold pairing.[9]
Just outside the town, theChapelcross nuclear power station operated from 1959 to 2004 and is being decommissioned. The four cooling towers were demolished in 2007.
The nearbyHoddom Castle was built by John Maxwell, 4thLord Herries (c. 1552–1565).
To the east of the town lies the settlement of Watchill and the similarly named Watchhall.
Part of theA75 between Annan and Dumfries is reputed to be haunted.[10][11]
The2022 Scottish census found that 55% of the population of Annan identified as having no religion, slightly higher than the national average of 51%. 39% of the town identified as Christian, while less than 1% stated they followed other religions. 5% of the town didn't answer the voluntary question.[12]
Annan has a number of church buildings, these include:
There is also a local interchurch group, known as Annandale Churches Together.[18]
In the 19th century, Annan was connected to theGlasgow & South Western Railway, theCaledonian Railway, and theSolway Junction Railway. It exportedcured hams,cattle,sheep, and grain to England; it also producedcotton goods,ropes,ships, andsalmon.[3] By theFirst World War, it was also a center ofbacon-curing,distilling,tanning,sandstonequarrying, andnursery-gardening.[4]
Cochran Boilers 1878, Cochran and Co, Annan, Engineers. James Taylor Cochran and Edward Compton started their company Cochran Boilers in Birkenhead, moving to Annan in 1897/ 98. Where it grew to be a major world wide exporter of Cochran Boilers. There in 1998 it celebrated its one hundred years in Scotland. It was Cochran who invented the famous Cochran Vertical Boiler. The boiler was an immediate success. ( the company also produced paddle steamers and two early submarines with novel steam plants ).
Annandale distillery, established in 1836, closed in 1918 and reopened in 2014. It produces aLowland Malt.[19]
Local television news programmes that cover the town are:
Radio stations are served by:
The local newspaper isThe Annandale Observer which publishes on Fridays.[20]
Annan Bridge, a stone bridge of three arches, built between 1824 and 1827, carries road traffic over the River Annan.[4] It was designed byRobert Stevenson and built by John Lowry. There is also a railway bridge[4] and a nearby pedestrian bridge over the Annan. It is still served by theAnnan railway station, the old Solway Junction Railway stationAnnan Shawhill having closed to passengers in 1931 and freight in 1955.Newbie Junction Halt railway station briefly served the old Newbie Tile and Brickworks as well as the Cochran's Boiler Works that stood on the shortNewbie Branch.
Annandale Way is a 53-mile (85 km) walking route[23] that was opened in September 2009.[24] The route runs through Annandale, from the source of the River Annan to the sea; it passes through the town of Annan and offers interesting walking both up river and down from the town.
The town has four defunct association football clubs:
Attribution:
This article incorporates text from a publication now in thepublic domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911), "Annan",Encyclopædia Britannica, vol. 2 (11th ed.), Cambridge University Press, p. 63
Annan travel guide from Wikivoyage| International | |
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