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Angular (web framework)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Open source web application framework
For the legacy version of Angular, seeAngularJS.
Angular
DeveloperGoogle
Initial release2.0 / 14 September 2016; 9 years ago (2016-09-14)[1]
Stable release
20.3.3[2] Edit this on Wikidata / 2 October 2025; 5 days ago (2 October 2025)
Preview release
20.0.0 / 28 May 2025; 4 months ago (2025-05-28)[3]
RepositoryAngular Repository
Written inTypeScript,JavaScript
PlatformWeb platform
TypeWeb framework
LicenseMIT License
Websiteangular.dev

Angular (also referred to asAngular 2+)[4] is aTypeScript-basedfree and open-sourcesingle-pageweb application framework. It is developed byGoogle and by a community of individuals and corporations. Angular is a complete rewrite from the same team that builtAngularJS. The Angular ecosystem consists of a diverse group of over 1.7 million developers, library authors, and content creators.[5] According to the Stack Overflow Developer Survey, Angular is one of the most commonly used web frameworks.[6]

Differences between Angular and AngularJS

[edit]
Architecture of an Angular application, services, and dependency injection

Google designed Angular as a ground-up rewrite of AngularJS. Unlike AngularJS, Angular does not have a concept of "scope" or controllers; instead, it uses a hierarchy of components as its primary architectural characteristic.[7] Angular has a different expression syntax, focusing on"[ ]" forproperty binding, and"( )" forevent binding.[8] Angular recommends the use ofMicrosoft'sTypeScript language, which introduces features such asstatic typing,generics, andtype annotations.

Features

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Component-based architecture

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Angular uses acomponent-based architecture, which allows developers to build encapsulated, reusable user interface elements. Each component encapsulates its ownHTML,CSS, and TypeScript, making it easier to manage and test individual pieces of an application.[9]

Data binding

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Angular supports two-way data binding,[10] which synchronizes data between the model and the view. This ensures that any changes in the view are automatically reflected in the model and vice versa.[11]

Dependency injection

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Angular has a built-independency injection system that makes it easier to manage and inject dependencies into components and services. This promotes modularity and easier testing.[12]

Directives

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Angular extends HTML with additional attributes called directives. Directives offer functionality to change the behavior or appearance ofDOM elements.[13]

Routing

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Angular includes a router that allows developers to define and manage application states and navigation paths, making it easier to build single-page applications with complex routing.[14]

Angular CLI

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The Angular CLI (Command Line Interface) provides a set of tools for creating, building, testing, and deploying Angular applications. It enables rapid application setup and simplifies ongoing development tasks.[15]

Server-side rendering

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Angular has official support for server-side rendering, which improves an application's load time and performance. Server-side rendering also enhances search engine optimization by making content more accessible to web crawlers.[16]

History

[edit]

Angular 2.0 was announced during the keynote of the 2014 NG-Conf conference 16-17 January 2014.[17] On April 30, 2015, the Angular developers announced that Angular 2 moved from Alpha to Developer Preview.[18] Angular 2 moved to Beta in December 2015,[19] and the first release candidate was published in May 2016.[20] The final version was released on 14 September 2016.

Version 8 of Angular introduced a new compilation and rendering pipeline, Ivy, and version 9 of Angular enabled Ivy by default. Angular 13 removed the deprecated former compiler, View Engine.[21] Angular 14 introduced standalone components and Angular 17 made them the default, de-emphasizing the use of modules.[22]

Angular 18, released in 2024, introduced several improvements such as standalone components defaulting to true, built-in control flow syntax, zoneless support previews, and modern SSR debugging tools.[44]

Naming

[edit]

The rewrite of AngularJS was called "Angular 2", but this led to confusion among developers. To clarify, the team announced that separate names should be used for each framework with "AngularJS" referring to the 1.X versions and "Angular" without the "JS" referring to versions 2 and up.[23]

Version history

[edit]
VersionRelease dateNew features
Latest version:Angular 20May 28, 2025by default Angular CLI will not generate suffixes for components, directives, services, and pipes.[24]
Supported: Angular 19November 19, 2024Angular directives, components and pipes are now standalone by default.[25]
Unsupported: Angular 18May 22, 2024Experimental zoneless change detection support and server-side rendering improvements.[26]
Unsupported: Angular 17November 8, 2023[27]Standalone is now the new default for the CLI (Application builder), without the need for Angular modules (NgModule), a new syntax for control flow and documentation website.[27]
Unsupported: Angular 163 May 2023Partialhydration for Angular Universalserver-side rendering, experimental Jest support, andesbuild-based build system for development servers.
Unsupported: Angular 15November 18, 2022Standalone APIs, directive composition API.[28]
Unsupported: Angular 142 June 2022Typed forms, standalone components, and new primitives in the Angular CDK (component dev kit).[29]
Unsupported: Angular 134 November 2021[30]Removed deprecated View Engine renderer.
Unsupported: Angular 1212 May 2021[31]Deprecated support for Internet Explorer 11.
Unsupported: Angular 1111 November 2020[32]ExperimentalWebpack 5 support
Unsupported: Angular 1024 June 2020[33]New Date Range Picker (Material UI library).
Unsupported: Angular 96 February 2020Improved build times, enablingAOT on by default
Unsupported: Angular 828 May 2019Differential loading for all application code, Dynamic imports for lazy routes, Web workers, TypeScript 3.4 support, and Angular Ivy as an opt-in preview.[34]
Unsupported: Angular 718 October 2018Updates regarding Application Performance, Angular Material & CDK, Virtual Scrolling, Improved Accessibility of Selects. Support for Content Projection using web standard for custom elements, and dependency updates regarding Typescript 3.1, RxJS 6.3 and Node.js 10.[35]
Unsupported: Angular 64 May 2018[36]Experimental custom element support, added ng update command
Unsupported: Angular 51 November 2017[37]Support forprogressive web apps, a build optimizer and improvements related to Material Design.[38]
Unsupported: Angular 4.318 July 2017HttpClient for making HTTP requests, conditionally disabling animations, new router life cycle events for Guards and Resolvers.

Minor release, meaning that it contains no breaking changes and that it is a drop-in replacement for Angular 4.x.x.

Unsupported: Angular 423 March 2017[39]Added ngIf and ngFor.Backward compatible with Angular 2.
Unsupported: Angular 214 September 2016Initial release

Future releases

[edit]

Since v9, the Angular team has moved all new applications to use the Ivy compiler and runtime. They will be working on Ivy to improve output bundle sizes and development speeds.[40]

Each version is expected to be backward-compatible with the prior release. The Angular development team has pledged to do twice-a-year upgrades.

Support policy and schedule

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All the major releases are supported for 18 months. This consists of 6 months of active support, during which regularly scheduled updates and patches are released. It is then followed by 12 months of long-term support (LTS), during which only critical fixes and security patches are released.[41]

Supported Angular Versions
VersionStatusReleasedActive EndsLTS EndsDuration
^19.0.0ActiveNov 19, 2024May 19, 2025May 19, 20261.5 years
^18.0.0LTSMay 22, 2024Nov 19, 2024Nov 19, 20251.5 years

Angular versions v2 to v17 are no longer under support.[42]

Libraries

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Angular Material

[edit]
"Angular Material" redirects here. For the library of the same name for AngularJS 1.x, seeAngularJS § AngularJS Material.

Angular Material is aUI component library that implementsMaterial Design in Angular.[43] It provides a collection of reusable components that adhere to Google's Material Design specifications, aiming to offer a consistent user interface across different devices and platforms.

Angular Material includes a variety of UI components such as buttons, cards, dialogs, grids, and form controls. These components are designed to be customizable and easy to integrate into Angular applications. Additional features of Angular Material include support forresponsive design, theming, and accessibility.

Angular Elements

[edit]

In 2018, Angular 6 introduced Angular Elements, enabling developers to package Angular components as custom web elements, which are part of theweb components set of web platform APIs.[44][45]

See also

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References

[edit]
  1. ^"Angular, version 2: proprioception-reinforcement".blogspot.com. September 14, 2016. Archived fromthe original on 2017-03-12. Retrieved2017-03-18.
  2. ^https://github.com/angular/angular/releases/tag/20.3.3.{{cite web}}:Missing or empty|title= (help)
  3. ^"angular/CHANGELOG.md".GitHub. Retrieved2025-05-28.
  4. ^"AngularJS and Angular 2+: a Detailed Comparison". 6 April 2018.
  5. ^"Angular".angular.io. Retrieved2024-03-26.
  6. ^"Stack Overflow Developer Survey 2025".Stack Overflow. Retrieved2025-08-30.
  7. ^"Angular Docs".angular.io.
  8. ^"What's the difference between AngularJS and Angular?".gorrion.io. September 19, 2017. Retrieved2018-01-28.
  9. ^"Composing with Components · Angular".angular.dev. Retrieved2024-06-02.
  10. ^Chidester, Ashlan (2024-04-23).Discover Angular.ISBN 9798224446049.
  11. ^"Understanding binding · Angular".angular.dev. Retrieved2024-06-02.
  12. ^"Dependency injection in Angular".angular.dev. Retrieved2024-06-02.
  13. ^"Directives · Overview · Angular".angular.dev. Retrieved2024-06-02.
  14. ^"Routing · Overview · Angular".angular.dev. Retrieved2024-06-02.
  15. ^"Angular CLI · Overview · Angular".angular.dev. Retrieved2024-06-02.
  16. ^Żurawski, Paweł (2024-05-09)."Angular SSR: Your server-side rendering implementation guide".Pretius. Retrieved2024-07-17.
  17. ^"NG-Conf 2014 keynote".youtube.com. Retrieved2025-06-10.
  18. ^@angularjs (30 Apr 2015)."Angular 2 moves from Alpha to Developer Preview! Dev guide and API docs now available at ... angular.io/docs/js/latest" (Tweet). Retrieved2015-10-21 – viaTwitter.
  19. ^"Angular: Angular 2 Beta".angularjs.blogspot.it. Archived fromthe original on 2015-12-18. Retrieved2016-07-13.
  20. ^"angular/angular".GitHub. Retrieved2016-05-04.
  21. ^Thompson, Mark (2021-11-04)."Angular v13 is now Available".Angular Blog. Retrieved2024-06-02.
  22. ^Gechev, Minko (2023-11-08)."Introducing Angular v17".Angular Blog. Retrieved2024-05-16.
  23. ^"Angular: Branding Guidelines for AngularJS". Archived fromthe original on 2017-02-04. Retrieved2017-03-04.
  24. ^Gechev, Minko (2025-05-28)."Announcing Angular v20".Medium. Retrieved2025-05-28.
  25. ^Gechev, Minko (2024-11-19)."Meet Angular v19".Medium. Retrieved2024-11-19.
  26. ^Gechev, Minko (2024-05-23)."Angular v18 is now available!".Medium. Retrieved2024-06-02.
  27. ^abGechev, Minko (8 November 2023)."Introducing Angular v17".Medium. Angular Blog. Retrieved12 November 2023.
  28. ^Gechev, Minko (2022-11-21)."Angular v15 is now available!".Angular Blog. Retrieved2024-06-02.
  29. ^Twersky, Emma (2022-06-03)."Angular v14 is now available!".Angular Blog. Retrieved2022-06-03.
  30. ^Thompson, Mark (4 November 2021)."Angular v13 is now Available".Angular Blog. Retrieved10 January 2022.
  31. ^Thompson, Mark (2021-05-12)."Angular v12 is now available".Medium. Retrieved2021-05-17.
  32. ^"Version 11 of Angular Now Available". 4 December 2020.
  33. ^"Version 10 of Angular Now Available". 25 June 2020.
  34. ^Fluin, Stephen (2019-02-08)."A plan for version 8.0 and Ivy".Angular Blog. Retrieved2019-06-07.
  35. ^Fluin, Stephen (2018-10-18)."Version 7 of Angular — CLI Prompts, Virtual Scroll, Drag and Drop and more".Angular Blog. Retrieved2019-06-07.
  36. ^"Version 6.0.0 of Angular Now Available". Retrieved4 May 2018.
  37. ^Fluin, Stephen."Version 5.0.0 of Angular Now Available". Retrieved2 November 2017.
  38. ^"Angular 5 JavaScript framework delayed". 18 September 2017.
  39. ^"Angular 4.0.0 Now Available".angularjs.blogspot.ca. Archived fromthe original on 2018-01-08. Retrieved2017-03-23.
  40. ^Fluin, Stephen (6 February 2020)."Version 9 of Angular Now Available — Project Ivy has arrived!".blog.angular.io. Retrieved22 March 2022.
  41. ^"Angular".angular.io. Retrieved2019-06-07.
  42. ^"Angular".angular.dev. Retrieved2025-02-12.
  43. ^"Angular Material".material.angular.io.
  44. ^"How to create Angular 6 Custom Elements and Web Components". 29 September 2018.
  45. ^Angular 18 Features & Enhancements. Published [20 May 2025]. Accessed [20 May 2025].

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