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| The Anglo-Swedish War of 1810–1812 | |||||||||
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| Part of theNapoleonic Wars | |||||||||
 Memorial plate to the Treaty of Örebro | |||||||||
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| Belligerents | |||||||||
 United Kingdom |  Sweden | ||||||||
During theNapoleonic Wars until 1810,Sweden and theUnited Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland were allies in the war againstNapoleon. As a result of Sweden's defeat in theFinnish War and thePomeranian War, and the followingTreaty of Fredrikshamn andTreaty of Paris, Sweden declared war on the UK. Thebloodless war, however, existed only on paper, and the UK was still not hindered in stationing ships at the Swedish island ofHanö and trade with theBaltic states.
The Treaty of Paris, concluded on 6 January 1810, forced Sweden to join theContinental System, a trade embargo against the UK.[1] Since the UK was Sweden's biggest trade partner this caused economic difficulties, and trade continued to take place through smuggling. On 13 November that year,France delivered an ultimatum to the Swedish government demanding that within five days Sweden:[citation needed]
France and its allies threatened to declare war against Sweden if it did not meet the French demands. On 17 November the same year, the Swedish government declared war against the UK.[2]
No acts of war occurred during the conflict and the UK was even allowed to station boats in Hanö, thus "occupying" the island. Sweden did not try to hinder this as the UK used the island to continue trading with Sweden.
The elected crown prince of Sweden, Danish PrinceCharles August, had died on 28 May 1810, and on 21 August 1810, the FrenchMarshalJean-Baptiste Bernadotte was elected crown prince of Sweden. Although Bernadotte was only the crown prince and technically subservient to KingCharles XIII, the king's deteriorating health and uninterest made the crown prince thede facto ruler of Sweden. Under Bernadotte's rule, Sweden's relationship with Napoleonic France deteriorated. When France occupiedSwedish Pomerania and the island ofRügen in 1812, Sweden sought peace with the UK.
After long negotiations, theTreaty of Örebro was signed on 18 July 1812. On the same day and at the same place, the UK and Russia signed a peace treaty to end theAnglo–Russian War (1807–1812).[3]
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