| Type | Bilateral treaty |
|---|---|
| Signed | 13 August 1814; 211 years ago (1814-08-13) |
| Signatories | |
| Full text | |
 Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814 atWikisource | |
TheAnglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814 (also known as theConvention of London;Dutch:Verdrag van Londen) was signed by theUnited Kingdom and theNetherlands in London on 13 August 1814. It was signed byLord Castlereagh on behalf of the British government andHendrik Fagel on behalf of the Dutch government. The treaty restored several of theDutch colonies occupied by British forces during theNapoleonic Wars, although several others were permanently ceded to Britain. It also included Dutch acknowledgement of British opposition to theAtlantic slave trade and agreements to improve theLow Countries' defences.[1] Disputes arising from the treaty resulted in the signing of theAnglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824.
The treaty returned several of theDutch colonies British forces had occupied during theNapoleonic Wars to the Netherlands, specificallySurinam,Curaçao,Aruba,Dutch Bengal,Dutch Coromandel,Dutch Malacca and theDutch East Indies. Under the terms of the treaty, Britain kept several Dutch colonies it had occupied, including theDutch Cape Colony,Dutch Malabar,Dutch Suratte, the district ofBernagore in Dutch Bengal and the South American colonies ofDemerara,Essequibo andBerbice. In exchange for the Netherlands ceding Malabar, Britain cededBangka Island to the Dutch. Dutch subjects were granted trading rights in Demerara, Essequibo and Berbice, while Britain agreed to pay an annual fee to the Netherlands in exchange for the cession of Bernagore.[2]
The treaty also included a declaration issued by the Dutch government on 15 June 1814 noting thatslave ships were no longer permitted in British-controlled ports.William I of the Netherlands had issued a royal decree in June 1814 which abolished Dutch involvement in theAtlantic slave trade, and the British and Dutch governments were both in agreement regarding their opposition to the trade.[3] Britain and the Netherlands also agreed to spend £2,000,000 each on improving defences in theLow Countries, while a further set of funds, up to £3,000,000, are mentioned for the "final and satisfactory settlement of the Low Countries in union with Holland."[4][5][6] Disputes arising from the treaty resulted in the signing of theAnglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824.[citation needed]
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