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Andronikos Palaiologos (son of Manuel II)

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Byzantine prince and the last governor of Thessalonica from 1408 to 1423

Andronikos (second from right) as a youth with his parents and brothers

Andronikos Palaiologos orAndronicus Palaeologus (Greek:Ἀνδρόνικος Παλαιολόγος) was aByzantine prince and the last Byzantine governor ofThessalonica with the title ofdespot (despotēs), from 1408 to 1423.

Andronikos Palaiologos was a son of theByzantine Emperor Manuel II Palaiologos and his wifeHelena Dragaš. His maternal grandfather was theSerb princeConstantine Dragaš. His brothers included emperorsJohn VIII Palaiologos andConstantine XI Palaiologos, as well asTheodore II Palaiologos,Demetrios Palaiologos andThomas Palaiologos, who ruled as despots inMorea.

In childhood Andronikos survived the sickness which killed his older brother Constantine and two sisters. He never recovered in full, remaining in poor health for the rest of his life, eventually developing an unknown yet severe illness, possibly leprosy or gout. When he was only eight years old his father made him a despot (despotēs) and appointed him imperial representative in Thessalonica, where he succeeded his deceased cousinJohn VII Palaiologos. As he was still a minor, for the first years of his rule there, untilc. 1415/1416, he was under the tutorship of the general Demetrios Laskaris Leontares.

After John VIII assumed control of the imperial government in 1421, theByzantine Empire faced an increasingly hostileOttoman Empire. Constantinople wasattacked by the Ottomans in 1422, and Thessalonica was subject toa long blockade in 1422–1423. Under siege, and increasingly unwell, Andronikos began diplomatic initiatives for the surrender of the city to theRepublic of Venice. These negotiations resulted (although he did not have the support of the whole of the population, and was opposed by the church, which mistrusted theLatins), in a Venetian force entering the city in 1423. The handing over of Thessalonica to Venice contributed to the outbreak of the first in a series of wars between Venice and the Ottoman Empire. The Ottomans conquered Thessalonica in 1430.

His fate after the surrender of Thessalonica is obscure, with conflicting accounts in the sources. The contemporary VenetianMorosini Codex mentions a conspiracy led by Andronikos to surrender Thessalonica to the Turks. The plot was discovered in November 1423, and Andronikos and his supporters were exiled, with the Despot sent toNauplia in theMorea, and his supporters toSiteia inCrete,Andros, and other places.^[1] According to the Greek scholarApostolos Vakalopoulos,^[2] this conspiracy may be identical to the imprisonment of four leading aristocrats, led by a certain Platyskalites, for their association with the Ottomans, as reported by the Byzantine historianDoukas. The four men were exiled, first to Crete, and then toVenice itself andPadua.^[3] The Byzantine sources do not mention Andronikos' involvement in a conspiracy, and record different fates for him:Laonikos Chalkokondyles records that he went toMantineia in the Morea, where he died;Theodore Spandounes writes that he sailed for Venice but died during the journey;Sphrantzes claims that he became a monk in thePantokrator Monastery in Constantinople, where he died in 1429 and was buried next to his father; a number of other sources, includingPseudo-Sphrantzes, claim that he became a monk inMount Athos, specifically theVatopedi Monastery, where he died.^[4]^[5]

Ancestry

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Ancestors of Andronikos Palaiologos (son of Manuel II)

16.Michael IX Palaiologos

8.Andronikos III Palaiologos

17.Rita of Armenia

4.John V Palaiologos

18.Amadeus V, Count of Savoy

9.Anna of Savoy

19.Maria of Brabant

2.Manuel II Palaiologos

20.Michael Kantakouzenos

10.John VI Kantakouzenos

21. Theodora Palaiologina Angelina Kantakouzene

5.Helena Kantakouzene

22.Andronikos Asen

11.Irene Asanina

1.Andronikos Palaiologos

12.Dejan

6.Constantine Dragaš

26.Stefan Uroš III Dečanski of Serbia

13.Theodora Nemanjić

27.Maria Palaiologina

3.Helena Dragaš

References

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^Mertzios 2007, pp. 95–96.
^Vacalopoulos 1973, p. 81.
^Necipoğlu 2009, pp. 49–50.
^Mertzios 2007, p. 95.
^Setton 1978, p. 24.

Sources

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Wikimedia Commons has media related toAndronikos Palaiologos.

Mertzios, Konstantinos (2007) [1949].Μνημεία Μακεδονικής Ιστορίας [Monuments of Macedonian History](PDF) (in Greek) (Second ed.). Thessaloniki: Society for Macedonian Studies.ISBN 978-960-7265-78-4.
Necipoğlu, Nevra (2009).Byzantium between the Ottomans and the Latins: Politics and Society in the Late Empire. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.ISBN 978-1-107-40388-8.
Setton, Kenneth M. (1978).The Papacy and the Levant (1204–1571), Volume II: The Fifteenth Century. Philadelphia: The American Philosophical Society.ISBN 0-87169-127-2.
Vacalopoulos, Apostolos E. (1973).History of Macedonia 1354–1833. Translated by Peter Megann. Thessaloniki: Institute for Balkan Studies. Archived fromthe original on 23 April 2016. Retrieved12 March 2017.
Gilliland Wright, Diana (22 June 2010)."Surprised by Time".blogger.com. Retrieved26 January 2024.

Regnal titles
Andronikos Palaiologos (son of Manuel II) Palaiologos dynasty
Preceded by John VII Palaiologos as Emperor in Thessaloniki	Despot of Thessalonica 1408–1423	Succeeded by none

v t e ThePalaiologoi of theByzantine Empire
Michael VIII (1259–1282) Andronikos II (1282–1328) Irene (1303–1317) Michael IX (1295–1320) Andronikos III (1328–1341) John V (1341–1391) Anna (1351–1365) John VI (1347–1354) Matthew (1353–1357) Andronikos IV (1376–1379) John VII (1390; 1403–1408) Andronikos V (1403–1407) Manuel II (1382–1387; 1391–1425) John VIII (1425–1448) Constantine XI (1449–1453)
1st generation	Nikephoros Palaiologos
2nd generation	George Palaiologos
3rd generation	Andronikos Doukas Palaiologos
4th generation	Michael Palaiologos George Palaiologos
5th generation	Alexios Palaiologos
6th generation	Andronikos Palaiologos Theodora Angelina Palaiologina
7th generation	Irene Komnene Palaiologina Michael VIII Palaiologos John Doukas Palaiologos
8th generation	Irene Palaiologina, Empress of Bulgaria Andronikos II Palaiologos Constantine Palaiologos Theodore Palaiologos Eudokia Palaiologina Maria Palaiologina, Khatun of the Ilkhanate
9th generation	Michael IX Palaiologos Constantine Palaiologos John Palaiologos Theodore Palaiologos (Palaeologus-Montferrat) Demetrios Palaiologos Simonis Palaiologina, Queen of Serbia John Palaiologos
10th generation	Andronikos III Palaiologos Anna Palaiologina, Despotess of Epirus Theodora Palaiologina, Empress of Bulgaria Irene Palaiologina, Byzantine Empress Maria Palaiologina, Queen of Serbia
11th generation	Irene Palaiologina, Empress of Trebizond John V Palaiologos Michael Palaiologos Irene Palaiologina, Empress of Bulgaria
12th generation	Andronikos IV Palaiologos Manuel II Palaiologos Theodore I Palaiologos Michael Palaiologos Zampia Palaiologina
13th generation	John VII Palaiologos John VIII Palaiologos Theodore II Palaiologos Andronikos Palaiologos Constantine XI Palaiologos Demetrios Palaiologos Thomas Palaiologos
14th generation	Andronikos V Palaiologos Helena Palaiologina, Queen of Cyprus Helena Palaiologina Helena Palaiologina, Despotess of Serbia Sophia Palaiologina, Grand Princess of Moscow Andreas Palaiologos Manuel Palaiologos Hass Murad Pasha Mesih Pasha
15th generation	Maria Palaiologina, Princess of Vereya (?) Constantine Palaiologos (?) Fernando Palaiologos (?) Andreas Palaiologos
Cadet branches	Palaeologus-Montferrat Asen Palaiologos Paleologus-Pesaro (?)
Onlymale-line descendants who are independently notable are shown.

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