Andal Ondal
Community development block
Location in West Bengal
Coordinates:23°35′00″N87°11′00″E / 23.58333°N 87.18333°E /23.58333; 87.18333
Country	India
State	West Bengal
District	Paschim Bardhaman
Parliamentary constituency	Asansol
Assembly constituency	Raniganj
Area
• Total	32.77 sq mi (84.87 km2)
Elevation	292 ft (89 m)
Population  (2011)
• Total	186,915
• Density	5,704/sq mi (2,202/km2)
Time zone	UTC+5.30 (IST)
PIN	713321 (Andal South Bazar) 713338 (Kajoragram) 713363 (Ukhra)
Telephone/STD code	0343
Vehicle registration	WB-39,WB-40
Literacy Rate	77.25 per cent
Website	http://bardhaman.gov.in/

Andal (also spelledOndal) is acommunity development block that forms an administrative division inDurgapur subdivision ofPaschim Bardhaman district in theIndianstate ofWest Bengal.

Andal is located at23°35′N87°11′E / 23.59°N 87.18°E /23.59; 87.18.

Andal CD Block is part of the Ajay Damodar Barakar tract. This area is sort of an extension of theChota Nagpur Plateau. It is a rocky undulating area withlaterite soil, with theAjay on the north, theDamodar on the south and theBarakar on the west. For ages the area was heavily forested and infested with plunderers and marauders. The discovery of coal, in the eighteenth century, led to industrialisation of the area and most of the forests have been cleared.^[1][2]

Andal CD Block is bounded byPandabeswar CD Block on the north,Faridpur Durgapur CD Block on the east,Barjora CD Block, in Bankura district, on the south andRaniganj CD Block on the west.^[3]

Andal CD Block has an area of 84.87 km². It has 1panchayat samity, 8gram panchayats, 146 gram sansads (village councils), 14mouzas and 12 inhabited villages.Andal,Pandabeswar andDurgapur police stations serve this block.^[4] Headquarters of this CD Block is at Andal.^[5]

Singaran, a small stream about 35 km long has its origin near Ikra in the Jamuria area, flows past Topsi and Andal and joins theDamodar nearWaria.^[6]

Gram panchayats of the Andal block, orpanchayat samiti, are: Andal, Dakshin Khanda, Kajora, Khandra, Madanpur, Ramprosadpur, Srirampur andUkhra.^[7]

As per the2011 Census of India Ondal CD Block had a total population of 186,915, of which 35,611 were rural and 151,304 were urban. There were 98,149 (53%) males and 88,766 (47%) females. Population below 6 years was 20,893.Scheduled Castes numbered 52,518 (28.10%) andScheduled Tribes numbered 7,628 (4.08%).^[8]

As per 2001 census, Andal block had a total population of 168,807, out of which 91,633 were males and 77,174 were females. Andal block registered a population growth of 9.47 per cent during the 1991-2001 decade. Decadal growth for Bardhaman district was 14.36 per cent.^[9] Decadal growth in West Bengal was 17.84 per cent.^[10]Scheduled castes at 54,611 formed around one-fourth the population. Scheduled tribes numbered 9,883.^[11]

Census Towns in Ondal CD Block are (2011 census figures in brackets):Siduli (8,961),Khandra (15,383),Chak Bankola (part) (1,965),Ukhra (24,104),Mahira (4,188),Dakshin Khanda (8,449),Parashkol (part) (845),Kajora (27,275),Harishpur (8,980),Palashban (4,811),Dignala (13,633), Andal (gram) (6,177),Ondal (19,924) andBaska (6,609). Chak Bankola and Parashkol are partly in Andal CD Block and partly in Pandabeswar CD Block.^[8]

Large villages (with 4,000+ population) in Ondal CD Block are (2011 census figures in brackets): Bhadur (4,278), Madanpur (4,631) and Shrirampur (4,235).^[8]

Other villages in Ondal CD Block are (2011census figures in brackets): Mukundapur (2,913), Madhusudanpur (3,435), Gaidhoba (2,471), Dhandadihi (3,800), Madhabpur (2,216), Chak Rambati (1,557), Babuisol (1,941), Tamla (732) and Dhubchururia (3,402).^[8](All villages included in 2011 census data are mentioned here. Other villages or localities, if any, are parts of these villages.)

As per the 2011 census, the total number of literates in Ondal CD Block was 128,254 (77.25% of the population over 6 years) out of which males numbered 74,218 (85.02% of the male population over 6 years) and females numbered 54,036 (68.64% of the female population over 6 years). Thegender disparity (the difference between female and male literacy rates) was 16.38%.^[8]

As per 2001 census, Andal block had a total literacy of 72.01 per cent for the 6+ age group. While male literacy was 80.86 per cent female literacy was 61.36 per cent. Bardhaman district had a total literacy of 70.18 per cent, male literacy being 78.63 per cent and female literacy being 60.95 per cent.^[12]

See also –List of West Bengal districts ranked by literacy rate

In the 2011 census Hindus numbered 169,195 and formed 90.52% of the population in Ondal CD Block. Muslims numbered 16,240 and formed 8.69% of the population. Christians numbered 472 and formed 0.25% of the population. Others numbered 1,008 and formed 0.54% of the population.^[13]

At the time of the 2011 census, 56.21% of the population spokeBengali, 35.32%Hindi, 3.91%Urdu and 1.80%Santali as their first language.^[14]

As per poverty estimates obtained from household survey for families livingbelow poverty line in 2005, rural poverty in Andal CD Block was 18.35%.^[15]

In Andal CD Block in 2011, amongst the class of total workers, cultivators numbered 1,296 and formed 2.19% of the total workers, agricultural labourers numbered 2,026 and formed 3.43%, household industry workers numbered 1,507 and formed 2.55% and other workers numbered 54,302 and formed 91.83%. Total workers numbered 59,131 and formed 31.64% of the total population, and non-workers numbered 127,784 and formed 68.36% of the population.^[16]

The coalmines are spread across the Andal, Pandaveswar, Raniganj, Jamuria, Barabani and Salanpur region, including municipal areas. Livelihood in this region is coal-centred. The area does not produce much of agricultural products. Overall work participation rate, and female work participation rate, in the mining area are low. Interestingly the work participation rate in the predominantly agricultural rural areas of erstwhile Bardhaman district is higher than in the predominantly urbanised mining area. Human development in the mining area does not at all look good. However, in the composite livelihood index the mining area performs much better than the non-mining areas of erstwhile Bardhaman district. The decadal (1991-2001) change in composition of workers shows the growing pressure of population growth, as well as of migrants from adjacent Jharkhand.^[17]

Note: In the census records a person is considered a cultivator, if the person is engaged in cultivation/ supervision of land owned by self/government/institution. When a person who works on another person's land for wages in cash or kind or share, is regarded as an agricultural labourer. Household industry is defined as an industry conducted by one or more members of the family within the household or village, and one that does not qualify for registration as a factory under theFactories Act. Other workers are persons engaged in some economic activity other than cultivators, agricultural labourers and household workers. It includes factory, mining, plantation, transport and office workers, those engaged in business and commerce, teachers, entertainment artistes and so on.^[18]

All 14 or 100% of mouzas in Andal CD Block were electrified by 31 March 2014.^[19]

All 14 mouzas in Andal CD Block had drinking water facilities in 2013-14. There were 14 fertiliser depots, 8 seed stores and 55fair price shops in the CD Block.^[19]

Purushattompur open cast project in Bankola Area ofEastern Coalfields has a mineable reserve of 8 million tonnes.^[20]

Siduli opencast project in Kenda Area ofEastern Coalfields has a mineable reserve of 9.70 million tonnes.^[20]

Banbahai open cast project in Kenda area ofEastern Coalfields has a mineable reserve of 5.26 million tonnes.^[20]

Amongst the mines ofEastern Coalfields selected for introduction of mass production technology with the installation of the continuous miner are: Siduli UG (1.02 million tonnes year), Shankarpur UG (1.163 mty), Naba Kajora Madabpur (1.08 mty) and Parasea-Belbaid UG (1.83 mty).^[20]

See also –Bankola Area,Kajora Area andKenda Area ofEastern Coalfields

Although the Bargadari Act of 1950 recognised the rights ofbargadars to a higher share of crops from the land that they tilled, it was not implemented fully. Large tracts, beyond the prescribed limit of land ceiling, remained with the rich landlords. From 1977 onwards major land reforms took place in West Bengal. Land in excess of land ceiling was acquired and distributed amongst the peasants.^[21] Followingland reforms land ownership pattern has undergone transformation. In 2013-14, persons engaged in agriculture in Andal CD Block could be classified as follows:bargadars 17.10%, patta (document) holders 38.31%, small farmers (possessing land between 1 and 2 hectares) 1.47%, marginal farmers (possessing land up to 1 hectare) 11.83% and agricultural labourers 31.29%.^[19]

In 2003-04 net cropped area in Andal CD Block was 1,551 hectares and the area in which more than one crop was grown was 1,275 hectares.^[22]

In 2013-14, Andal CD Block produced 3,060 tonnes ofAman paddy, the main winter crop, from 1,196 hectares and 7 tonnes of wheat from 5 hectares. It also produced pulses and oilseeds.^[19]

In 2013-14, Andal CD Block had offices of 8 commercial banks.^[19]

Andal CD Block has 8 originating/ terminating bus routes.^[19]

v t e Bardhaman–Asansol section
Legend
km Asansol-Patna section Asansol-Gaya section 123 Radhanagar Colliery siding 120 Sitarampur Andal–Sitarampur loop line planned wye connection Asansol–Adra line IISCO Damodar Yard Sodepur colliery siding 116 Barachak 115 Damodar IISCO Hirapur Exchange Yard IISCO Burnpur sidings 111 Burnpur 107 Asansol Court 106 Mohishila Asansol Electric Loco Shed 106 Asansol Junction Asansol Passenger Yard Grand Trunk Road Kalipahari-Damodar freight bypass line 101 Kalipahari 96 Nuniah Block Hut Nunia River 92 Nimcha Block Hut Nimcha Colliery siding 88 Raniganj Kalidaspur Colliery Damodar River Mejia Thermal Power Station Raniganj Ghat 83 Baktarnagar Block Hut Andal–Sitarampur loop line Andal–Sainthia branch line 80 Andal Andal Marshalling Yard BSTPS Andal siding Durgapur Cement Works (Birla) Durgapur Steel Exchange Yard DSP siding Alloy Steels Plant siding 74 Pinjrapol Block Hut 72 Waria DTPS Waria siding Durgapur Projects Limited Durgapur Coke Oven Plant 64 Durgapur Durgapur Goods Shed 56 Rajbandh IOCL Rajbandh depot 48 Panagarh Panagarh Army Cantonment NH 19 (Grand Trunk Road) HPCLLPG bottling plant 38 Mankar 29 Paraj 23 Galsi 20 Ishan Chandi Halt Sahibganj loop 13 Khana to Bankura–Masagram line (under construction) 8 Talit Bardhaman–Katwa line 0 Barddhaman Junction 7 Gangpur 12 Saktigarh Howrah–Bardhaman chord Howrah–Bardhaman main line km
Sources: [23][24][25][26][27]

Andal–Sainthia branch line
Legend
km Bardhaman–Asansol section Andal Marshalling Yard 0 Andal Bardhaman–Asansol section NH 19 Andal–Sitarampur loop line Singaran River 5 Kajoragram Khas Kajora Colliery 10 Siduli Siduli Colliery Shree Diamond Sitalpur Colliery 12 Ukhra Bankola Colliery Sankarpur Colliery South Samla Colliery Pandaveswar Colliery Khottadih Colliery 20 Pandabeswar Ajay River 23 Bhimgara Junction 29 Hazratpur 33 Raswan 37 Barhragram 42 Lachhmanpur Road West Bengal Jharkhand border 49 Palasthali Hinglo River 29 Panchra 35 Dubrajpur Bakreshwar River 42 Chinpai Bakreshwar Thermal Power Station 45 Kachujor 51 Jibdharpur 54 Siuri Prantik-Siuri line (planned) 63 Kunuri 65 Mahishadahari Halt 69 Kherua 73 Sainthia Junction Sahibganj Loop   km
Sources:Asansol Division System Map Indian Railway Time Table Google maps
This diagram: view talk edit

TheBardhaman-Asansol section, which is a part ofHowrah-Gaya-Delhi line,Howrah-Allahabad-Mumbai line andHowrah-Delhi main line, passes through this CD Block and there is a station at Andal.^[28]

TheAndal-Sainthia branch line originates from Andal.^[29][30]

NH 19 (old numbering NH 2)/Grand Trunk Road passes through this CD Block.^[31]

Kazi Nazrul Islam Airport is a domestic airport at Andal, Durgapur. The airport has been built over 650 acres and was officially inaugurated in 2013. It is 15 km from Durgapur's City Centre and 25 km from Asasol's city bus terminus.^[32]

In 2013-14, Andal CD Block had 61 primary schools with 9,424 students, 8 middle schools with 526 students, 9 high school with 6,350 students and 11 higher secondary schools with 13,804 students. Andal CD Block had 1 general college with 1,624 students, 3 technical/ professional institutions with 420 students, 293 institutions for special and non-formal education with 11,750 students^[19]

Khandra College was established atKhandra in 1981. It is affiliated withKazi Nazrul University.^[33]

In 2014, Andal CD Block had 1 block primary health centre, 2 primary health centres, 3 central government/ PSU medical centres and 6 private nursing homes with total 274 beds and 40 doctors (excluding private bodies). It had 47 family welfare sub centres. 7,937 patients were treated indoor and 311,148 patients were treated outdoor in the hospitals, health centres and subcentres of the CD Block.^[19]

Khandra Rural Hospital, with 30 beds, atKhandra, is the major government medical facility in the Andal CD block. There areprimary health centres atAndal (with 6 beds) andBaska (with 10 beds).^[34][35] Ondal Railway Hopital atAndal, with 50 beds, FCI Hospital at Andal, with 50 beds and ECL Bankola Area Hospital atKhandra, with 50 beds are functional within the block area.^[36]

• District map showing blocks

• Community development blocks in Paschim Bardhaman district
• Mining communities in West Bengal

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