Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibnʿAbd Allāh ibn al-Ḥasan al-Muthannā ibn al-Ḥasan al-Mujtabā ibnʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib^[1] orMuḥammad al-Nafs al-Zakiyya (Arabic:أبو عبد الله محمد بن عبد الله بن الحسن بن الحسن بن علي الملقَّب النفس الزكية,lit. 'The Pure Soul'), was a descendant of the Islamic prophetMuhammad, through his daughterFatimah. Known for his commanding oratory skills, amiable demeanor, and impressive build, he led theAlid Revolt inMedina, a failed rebellion, against the secondAbbasid caliphAl-Mansur. He and a few hundred soldiers faced against a large Abbasid force underIsa ibn Musa, and he was killed on December 6, 762CE (145AH).

Initially, he hoped to rebel againstUmayyad rule, when thechildren of Hashim paid their allegiance to him atAbwa. Among them were Ibrahim al-Imam,As-Saffah and Al-Mansur. But it soon became clear that Abbasid rule was established, so those who had paid allegiance to him deserted him, and another group ofShiites flocked around him.^[2]

Muhammad was an inspirational figure to many throughout the caliphate who believed that he was destined for glory due to his ancestry. For years he disguised himself and travelled stealthily, since his professed relationship to the Prophet meant that he posed a threat to the established political order. He was eventually able to amass a sizable but ragtag army and seize the city of Medina. He then left Medina in the year 145 A.H and took overMecca andYemen. He was murdered in Medina a few months later.^[2]

Medina was an exceptionally poor place for any large-scale insurrection due to its dependence on other provinces for goods, and his motley army of devotees were no match for the Caliph's imperial soldiers. Despite the advantage held by the Abbasid troops, Muhammad refused to step down in the hours before battle, utilising the historic trenches dug by the Prophet to fortify the city decades earlier.^[3]

• Abbasids
• Alids
• Abdullah Shah Ghazi, son of Muhammad
• Ja'far al-Sadiq
• Nafs-e-Zakiyyah (Pure Soul)
• Zaydism

Media related toHasan ibn Ali at Wikimedia Commons

• 762 deaths
• 8th-century Arab people
• Hasanids
• 8th-century people from the Abbasid Caliphate
• Burials at Jannat al-Baqī

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• Year of birth missing