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 HMS Alliance at Gosport submarine museum | |
| Class overview | |
|---|---|
| Builders |
|
| Operators |  Royal Navy |
| Preceded by | V class |
| Succeeded by | Explorer class |
| In service | 1945 - 1974 |
| Planned | 46 |
| Completed | 16 |
| Cancelled | 30 |
| Preserved | 1 |
| General characteristics | |
| Type | Submarine |
| Displacement | 1,385 tons surfaced, 1,620 tons submerged |
| Length | 280.5 ft (85.5 m) |
| Beam | 22.3 ft (6.8 m) |
| Draught | 16.8 ft (5.1 m) |
| Speed |
|
| Range |
|
| Test depth | 500 feet (150 m) |
| Complement | 61 officers and men |
| Armament |
|
TheAmphion class (also known as the"A" class andAcheron class) ofBritishdiesel-electricsubmarines were designed for use in thePacific War. Only two were completed before the end of hostilities, but following modernisation in the 1950s, they continued to serve in theRoyal Navy into the 1970s.
TheAmphion class were ordered by the British Admiralty in 1943, upon the realisation that the new Pacific theatre of war following theattack on Pearl Harbor needed a new type of submarine. They were originally designed to replace theS-class andT-class submarines, which were too slow and unable to dive deep enough to be suited to Pacific waters duringWorld War II. They were essentially the same size as the T class,[1] arranged for fast, simple construction and to utilize much of the materials and equipment set aside for the T boats. They had a high, flared bow for excellent sea performance and had effective air conditioning, essential forFar East submarine operations. They were operated by a crew of between 60 and 68.
Originally, 46 submarines were ordered, but only 18 werelaunched (10 byVickers-Armstrong inBarrow-in-Furness) and 16commissioned, the other two hulls being used for crush testing. The class was designed for quick construction, using an entirely welded hull which could be fabricated in sections, a technique new to Britain but standard forNazi Germany'sU-boats. Each submarine took about 8 months from keel-laying to launching, compared with around 15 months for the earlier T class, but only two of the boats were completed before the end of the war:Amphion, launched in August 1944, andAstute in January 1945; neither saw action.
TheAmphion class was one of only two new British submarine designs produced during World War II, the other being theX-craft 4-man submarines. Wartime experience had shown that submarines had to operate further from the United Kingdom and with larger patrol areas than had been foreseen—in theFar East andMediterranean for example—so the faster and slightly larger A class was designed to have a longer range than the T class, with accommodation suitable for longer missions.
After World War II various modifications were made to these Overseas Patrol Submarines, as they were known. Asnort mast based on theschnorkel used by U-boats during the war, a radar which could be used from periscope depth, and a night periscope were added to the A- and surviving T-class submarines.
In response to the start of theCold War in the early 1950s their target changed from surface ships toSoviet submarines. In January 1948 the primary operational function of the British submarine fleet was announced to be interception of Soviet submarines slipping out of their bases in Northern Russia, potentially to attack British and Allied merchant vessels. The following April Assistant Chief of Naval Staff Rear-AdmiralGeoffrey Oliver circulated a paper in which he proposed that British submarines take a more offensive role, attacking Soviet submarines off the Northern Russian coast and mining the waters in the area. With the dramatically reduced surface fleet, he commented that this was one of the few methods the Royal Navy had for "getting to the enemy on his home ground".[2]
The A and T classes were refitted for their new role between 1955 and 1960 with a complete rebuild of the forward and after hull section, lengthening and streamlining of the upper decks and conning towers, removal of deck guns to improve underwater speed and noise, removal of external torpedo tubes, and greatly improvedsonar. WhenAffray was lost in 1951 all theAmphion class were briefly confined to port pending investigation into her loss.
During theIndonesia–Malaysia confrontation in the mid-1960s, someAmphion-class submarines were fitted with either aQF 4-inch Mk XXIII gun or a single 20mm autocannon to counter blockade runningjunks. They were the last British submarines to carry adeck gun.[3]
TheAmphion class served theRoyal Navy for almost three decades as the backbone of theRoyal Naval Submarine Service, and was gradually replaced with thePorpoise andOberon patrol classes that began to be phased in during 1958. The last operationalAmphion-class boat,Andrew, was decommissioned in 1974.
These were the two vessels which were launched but not completed.
In 1945, besides the two vessels at Devonport, the following orders were cancelled:
Vickers-Armstrongs, Barrow-in-Furness;
Vickers-Armstrongs,Walker-on-Tyne;
Portsmouth Dockyard;
Cammell Laird;
Scotts of Greenock
Chatham Dockyard
Media related toAmphion class submarines at Wikimedia Commons