 | |
  Amos The location of Amos in SouthCaria | |
| Location | Turunç,Muğla Province,Turkey. |
|---|---|
| Region | Caria |
| Coordinates | 36°45′27.20″N28°16′8.02″E / 36.7575556°N 28.2688944°E /36.7575556; 28.2688944 |
| Type | Deme-centre withacropolis,necropolis and scanty remains of a temple and a theatre. |
| History | |
| Builder | ProbablyDoricRhodians. |
| Material | Local stone inAshlar,Polygonal, andIsodomic techniques. |
| Founded | Earliest findings dated to Classical times. |
| Abandoned | Probably in the Roman era. |
| Periods | Classical -Hellenistic |
| Cultures | Greek/Carian |
| Site notes | |
| Condition | Maintained for visitation with paths leading to the main sights. |
| Public access | Yes |
Amos (Ancient Greek: Ἄμος, possibly from ἄμμος "sandy") was a settlement (dēmē) ofancient Caria, located near the modern town ofTurunç,Turkey.
Amos was located in theRhodian Peraia inCaria on the Mediterranean coast. It was probably connected withLindos which is supported byepigraphic finds from that city.[1] Its connection to thepoleis of Rhodes is further attested by the use of theDoric dialect in the inscriptions found at the settlement.[2]
Amos was in the 5th century incorporated in theDelian league together with the other Rhodian areas, and is noted in theAthenian tributes lists as belonging to the community of thekherronēsioi ("the people of the peninsula"). The Loryma peninsula is the most probable candidate for this peninsula; the other members of this community are unknown.[1] At some point during this period, Amos and the other two members of thekherronēsioi formed an economic union (συντέλεια,synteleia) in order to pay their tributes. The members of thissynteleia must have incorporated the majority of the Loryma peninsula.[1]
It is known from a set of three inscriptions (SEG14.683;14.684;14.685)[1] that Amos in ca. 200 B.C.E. had a board ofhieromnamones,[2] "sacred rememberers" that were responsible for keeping and remembering legal agreements and other juridical proceedings.[3]
The inhabitants of the Rhodian Peraia, and thus Amos as well, were full Rhodian citizens. It seems however as the amiens, being of Lindian descent, held no citizenship at Lindos. The inscriptions mentioned above indicate that the city (hapolis, that is,Rhodes) had the right to evict tenants and charge fines, showing that thepolis had strong interests in the area.[1]
The remnants of ancient Amos is centered on the elongated hill of Asarcık at Hisarburnu ("fortress point"), just above the gulf ofMarmaris. The city wall is made of coursed polygonal masonry dated to theHellenistic period, and is fairly well preserved on the north slope where walls and towers still stand 3–4 metres high.[2] The wall on the south reach has almost disappeared due to erosion. Five towers are preserved, all of which are solid except for one. There is one gate in the northern wall, which is probably the main city gate. On the basis of the type of masonry used, the construction of the original wall has been dated to the 4th century B.C.E.[4][5]
Of theintra muros remains, the theatre is the most apparent. Of the three knownGreek theatres of the Rhodian Peraia, the Amos theatre is the only one with preserved remnants of theskēnē and theorchestra. The approximate number of possible spectators is estimated to around 1300.G. E. Bean found in 1948 a fragmentary altar toDionysos in the area of the orchestra.
On the top of the hill, just west of the theatre, several fragments of an Hellenistic circular or semi-circular statue base is to be seen.[6]
Further to the west, close to the ramparts, are the foundations of a small templein antis with apronaos, 6.8 m wide and 13.8 m long.[6] Inscriptions with a temple inventory found in the vicinity show that the temple was probably dedicated toApollo Samnaios ("Apollo-of-the-hill"), a deity only known from this location.[1]
Thenecropolis is located just outside the city proper, north of the city walls. Several rock-cut tombs are visible in the terrain, together with some inscriptions and fragments of monumental architecture.
