Ames Monument | |
.jpg) Ames Monument | |
| Location | Albany County, Wyoming, 3 mi (4.8 km) NW of Sherman |
|---|---|
| Nearest city | Laramie, Wyoming |
| Coordinates | 41°7′52″N105°23′53″W / 41.13111°N 105.39806°W /41.13111; -105.39806 |
| Built | 1880-1882 |
| Architect | H. H. Richardson |
| NRHP reference No. | 72001296 |
| Significant dates | |
| Added to NRHP | July 24, 1972 |
| Designated NHL | October 31, 2016 |
TheAmes Monument is a largepyramid inAlbany County, Wyoming, designed byHenry Hobson Richardson and dedicated to brothersOakes Ames andOliver Ames Jr.,Union Pacific Railroad financiers. It marked the highest point on thefirst transcontinental railroad, at 8,247 feet (2,514 m).[1]
Richardson designed the monument midway into his career.[2] His work was largely unknown to the public until around 1870, when he helped designTrinity Church and theBuffalo State Asylum for the Insane.[3][better source needed]
The town ofSherman rose up around it, but then Union Pacific moved its tracks to the south,[citation needed] leaving Sherman to become aghost town.
Oliver served as president of the Union Pacific Railroad from 1866 to 1871,[4] while Oakes, a U.S. representative from Massachusetts, asserted near-total control of its construction. In 1873, investigatorsimplicated Oakes in fraud associated with financing of the railroad. Congress subsequentlycensured Oakes, who resigned in 1873[5] and died soon thereafter.
The Ames Monument is located about 20 miles (32 km) east ofLaramie, Wyoming, on a wind-blown, treeless summit south ofInterstate 80 at theVedauwoo exit. The monument is a four-sided, randomashlar pyramid, 60 feet (18 m) square at the base and 60 feet (18 m) high, constructed of light-colored nativegranite. The pyramid features an interior passage, now sealed, alongside the perimeter of the structure's base.[6]
American architectH. H. Richardson designed the pyramid, which includes two 9-foot-tall (2.7 m) bas-relief portraits of the Ames brothers by sculptorAugustus Saint-Gaudens on the east and west sides of the pyramid's top. Saint-Gaudens chiseled the bas-reliefs from Quincy, Massachusetts, granite.[7] The north side, which at one time faced the railroad tracks, displays 1-foot-high (0.30 m) letters grouted in the granite noting: "In Memory of Oakes Ames and Oliver Ames". The monument is one of a half-dozen or more projects that Richardson did for the Ames family.[7]
The pyramid is one of only two examples of Richardson's work west of theMississippi River, the other being theIsaac H. Lionberger House in St. Louis less than 2 miles (3.2 km) from the river.[8] Richardson's structure employed rough-hewn granite boulders in its construction. The monument's stones at the base are 5 by 8 feet (1.5 by 2.4 m) and weigh thousands of pounds each.[7] The pyramid narrows from the base to become progressively smaller towards the top at a ratio of four inches to the foot (1:3).
The reasoning for the building of the monument was H.H Richard's desire to honor Oliver and Oakes Ames for building and completing the railroads:[9] specifically, the Union Pacific Railroad, part of the country's first transcontinental railroad,[10] which included a route through the mountains of Laramie and northern Utah.
The audacity of building a transcontinental railroad in the 1860s was "today's equivalent of the mission to Mars: Big, expensive and impossible," wrote University of Wyoming historian Phil Roberts. President Abraham Lincoln reportedly told Oakes Ames that if he could get the transcontinental railroad built, he would be "the most remembered man of the century."[5] Lincoln personally recruited Oakes after progress by and financial support forCredit Mobilier of America, the construction company charged with building the railroad, ground to a halt. The Ames brothers succeeded where others failed and completed the transcontinental railway. However, in 1873charges of financial fraud were leveled at Oakes, tarnishing his reputation and that of the Union Pacific Railroad Company's .[7]
Public outcry towards Oakes and other "Kings of Frauds" associated with scandal threatened the Ames family reputation and that of the Ames Company, founded in 1774 to make steel-edged shovels.[7] The Ames Company later sold axes and shovels to miners during theCalifornia Gold Rush.[11] The company supplied the government with shovels during theCivil War, for excavating thePanama Canal, for miningPennsylvania coal fields, and for digging theNew York City Subway.[7]
In 1875, the Union Pacific Railroad board of directors voted to erect the grand Ames Monument, in part to burnish the company's tarnished reputation.[8][5] Union Pacific stockholders subsequently authorized the construction at a meeting inBoston on March 10, 1875.[4]
TheNorcross Brothers ofWorcester, Massachusetts, built the monument, employing some 85 workers who lived on site, "where reportedly no liquor or gambling was allowed."[4] Workers cut the stone for the pyramid from a granite outcropping common in the area. They then used oxen teams to skid the stone a half-mile to the work site. Some of the rough-faced granite blocks weigh several tons.[7]
Workers constructed the pyramid about 300 yards south of the tracks on a small knoll.[7] When completed in 1882, the Ames Monument stood 300 feet (91 m) south of, and 32 feet (9.8 m) above, the highest elevation of the original tracks of Union Pacific transcontinental railroad at 8,247 feet (2,514 m).[1] PresidentRutherford B. Hayes underscored the importance of the transcontinental railroad and thereby the Ames brothers by attending the monument's dedication ceremony.[5]
However, when completed in 1882, the Ames Monument was visited by many persons who were allowed to momentarily leave their trains in order to view the monolithic curiosity. It was said that when the construction of the monument was almost completed, some people had the opportunity of being lifted to the top of the monument by a special rig and from their breezy perch could view the surrounding area for a hundred miles in all directions.[7]
When it was finished in the year 1882 the ending cost of the structure was $64,000. Around 12 miles away from the monument they had finished the railroad tracks in the year 1865.[12]
In 1885, after finding that the Union Pacific had accidentally built the monument not on one of the plots granted to it by the government, but on one of the alternating plots available for purchase or claim by Homesteaders, local resident William Murphy purchased the land that contained the monument, intending to cover the pyramid with advertising. The Union Pacific Railroad Company contested the purchase, and eventually obtained a special deed to the property in 1889, both frustrating Murphy and bankrupting him through legal proceedings.[citation needed]
The small town of Sherman arose at the site north of the tracks where trains stopped to change engines on their transcontinental journey. The stop provided aroundhouse with five stalls and aturntable, two section houses, and awindmill with water tank. Trains were inspected at Sherman before beginning the long descent from the Sherman Pass summit, either east towards Cheyenne or west across the 130 feet (40 m) highDale Creek Bridge to the Laramie Valley. The town's death knell came in 1918. The railroad company closed its station house and relocated the tracks about three miles (5 km) south.[11] Residents soon abandoned Sherman, leaving behind a small cemetery that is still present today.
Union Pacific donated the railroad monument to the state of Wyoming in 1983.[5] The structure is listed on theNational Register of Historic Places, and is maintained as a Wyoming state historic site. Time and possible vandalism have destroyed some of the features of thebas-relief portraits of the Ames brothers on the monument. The Ames Monument is open year-round, weather permitting.
Work took place in 2010 and 2011 to restore the monument. On October 31, 2016, the site receivedNational Historic Landmark status.[6] The designation was made in recognition of the unique collaboration between Richardson and Saint-Gaudens, two of the era's leading creative figures.[13]
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