American Sniper premiered at theAmerican Film Institute Festival on November 11, 2014, and had a limited theatrical release in the United States on December 25, 2014, followed by a wide release on January 16, 2015. It received generally positive reviews, with praise for Cooper's lead performance and Eastwood's direction, although it also attracted some controversy over its portrayal of both the Iraq War and Kyle himself. The film grossed over $547 million worldwide, making it the 13th-highest-grossing film of 2014, the highest-grossing film with a wide release during the month of January, and Eastwood's highest-grossing film to date.[7][8]
Growing up inTexas, Chris Kyle is taught by his father how to shoot a rifle and hunt deer. Years later, Chris has become aranch hand androdeo cowboy, and returns home early to find his girlfriend in bed with another man. After telling her to leave, he sees news coverage of the1998 U.S. embassy bombings and decides to enlist in the Navy. He qualifies for special training and becomes a sniper with theU.S. Navy SEALs.
Chris meets Taya Studebaker at an Irish pub in San Diego, and the two soon marry. He is sent to theIraq War after theSeptember 11 attacks. His first kills are a woman and a boy who attackedU.S. Marines on patrol with a Russian-madeRKG-3 anti-tank grenade. Chris is visibly upset by the experience, but later earns the nickname "Legend" for his many kills.
Assigned to hunt for theal-Qaeda leader,Abu Musab al-Zarqawi, Chris interrogates a family whose father offers to lead the SEALs to "The Butcher", al-Zarqawi's second-in-command. The plan goes awry when The Butcher captures the father and his son, killing them while a sniper pins down Chris. This sniper goes by the name Mustafa and is anOlympic Games medalist fromSyria. Meanwhile, the insurgents issue a bounty on Chris.
Chris returns home to his wife and the birth of his son. He is distracted by memories of his war experiences and by Taya's concern for them as a couple. She wishes he would focus on his home and family.
Chris leaves for a second tour and is promoted tochief petty officer. Involved in a shootout with The Butcher, he helps kill him. Chris becomes increasingly distant from his family when he returns home to a newborn daughter. On Chris's third tour, Mustafa seriously injures a unit member, Ryan "Biggles" Job, and the unit is evacuated back to base. When they decide to return to the field and continue the mission, another SEAL,Marc Lee, is killed by gunfire.
Guilt compels Chris to undertake a fourth tour, and Taya tells him she may not be there when he returns. Back in Iraq, Chris is shocked to learn Biggles died in surgery to repair the wounds he sustained. Assigned to kill Mustafa, who has been snipingU.S. Army combat engineers building a barricade, Chris's sniper team is placed on a rooftop inside enemy territory.
Chris spots Mustafa and takes him out with a risky long-distance shot at 2,100 yards (1,920 m), but this exposes his team's position to numerous armed insurgents. Amid the gunfight and low on ammunition, Chris tearfully calls Taya and tells her he is ready to come home. A sandstorm provides concealment for a chaotic escape in which he is injured and almost left behind.
After Chris gets back stateside, on edge and unable to adjust fully to civilian life, aVeterans Affairs psychiatrist asks if he is haunted by all the things he did in war. When he replies that "all the guys [he] couldn't save" haunt him, the psychiatrist encourages him to help severely wounded veterans in the VA hospital. After that, Chris gradually begins to adjust to home life.
Years later, on February 2, 2013, Chris says goodbye to his wife and family as he leaves in good spirits to spend time with Eddie Ray Routh, a veteran suffering from PTSD, at a shooting range. An on-screen subtitle reveals that Chris waskilled that day by Routh, followed by archive footage of crowds standing along the highway for his funeral procession. More are shown attending his memorial service.
In addition,Sammy Sheik appears as Mustafa, a character partially based on Iraqi sniperJuba,[10] whileMido Hamada portrays The Butcher, a character possibly based onAbu Deraa.[11]
On May 24, 2012, it was announced thatWarner Bros. had acquired the rights to the book withBradley Cooper set to produce and star in the screen adaptation.[12] Cooper had thought ofChris Pratt to play Kyle, but Warner Bros. agreed to buy it only if Cooper would star.[13] In September 2012,David O. Russell said he was interested in directing the film.[14] On February 2, 2013,Chris Kyle was murdered. On May 2, 2013, it was announced thatSteven Spielberg would direct.[15] Spielberg had read Kyle's book, though he desired to have a more psychological conflict present in the screenplay so an "enemy sniper" character could serve as the insurgent sharpshooter who was trying to track down and kill Kyle. Spielberg's ideas contributed to the development of a lengthy screenplay approaching 160 pages. Due to Warner Bros.' budget constraints, Spielberg felt he could not bring his vision of the story to the screen.[16] On August 5, 2013, Spielberg dropped out of directing.[17] On August 21, 2013, it was reported thatClint Eastwood would instead direct the film.[18]
Principal photography began on March 31, 2014, inLos Angeles,[29] with additional filming inMorocco.[30] On April 23, theLos Angeles Times reported that ten days of filming set in an Afghan village was set to begin at the Blue Cloud Movie Ranch in theSanta Clarita area.[31] On May 7, shooting of the film was spotted aroundEl Centro; a milk factory was used as the abandoneddate factory which insurgents close in on from all directions at the climax of the film.[32][33] The pier and bar scenes were filmed inSeal Beach, California.[34]
There is no "Music by" credit on this film. Clint Eastwood, who has composed thescores for most of his films sinceMystic River (2003), is credited as the composer of "Taya's Theme". Joseph S. DeBeasi is credited as composer of additional music and as music editor.[37][38] The film also features the song"Someone Like You" byVan Morrison, which plays during the wedding scene, and "The Funeral" byEnnio Morricone.[39]
American Sniper grossed $350.2 million in North America and $197.5 million in other territories for a worldwide total of $547.7 million, against a budget of around $59 million.[5] Calculating in all expenses and revenues,Deadline Hollywood estimated that the film made a profit of $243 million, making it the second-most profitable film of 2014 only behindParamount'sTransformers: Age of Extinction.[40] Worldwide, it is the highest-grossing war film of all time (breakingSaving Private Ryan's record)[41] and Eastwood's highest-grossing film to date. It is the seventhR-rated film to gross over $500 million.[42]
American Sniperpremiered at theAFI Fest on November 11, 2014, just after a screening ofSelma atGrauman's Egyptian Theatre inLos Angeles.[50] In North America, the film opened to alimited release on December 25, 2014, playing at four theaters—two in New York, one in Los Angeles, and one in Dallas—and earned $610,000 in its opening weekend ($850,000 including Christmas Day) at an average of $152,500 per venue debuting at #22.[51][52] The following week the film earned $676,909 playing at the same number of locations at an average of $169,277 per theater, which is the second-biggest weekend average ever for a live-action movie (previously held by 2001'sMoulin Rouge!).[53]American Sniper holds the record for the most entries in the top 20 Top Weekend Theater Averages with 3 entries (at #12, #14 and #17). It earned a total of $3.4 million from limited release in three weekends.[54]
The film began its wide debut across North American theaters on January 16, 2015 (Thursday night showings began at 7:00 pm).[55] It set an all-time-highest Thursday night opening record for an R-rated drama with $5.3 million (previously held byLone Survivor).[56][57][58] The film topped the box office on its opening day grossing $30.5 million (including Thursday previews) from 3,555 theaters setting January records for both biggest debut opening (previously held byCloverfield) and single-day gross (previously held byAvatar).[59][60][61] In its traditional three-day opening the film earned $89.2 million which was double than expected and broke the record for the largest January opening (previously held byRide Along)[62] and the largest winter opening,[63] which is also Eastwood's top opening as a director (breakingGran Torino's opening).[64] The three-day opening is also the biggest opening weekend for a drama film (previously held byThe Passion of the Christ),[65] the second-biggest debut for a Best Picture Oscar nominee (behindToy Story 3),[66] the second-biggest debut for an R-rated film (behindThe Matrix Reloaded), and the third-biggest for a non-comic book, non-fantasy/sci-fi film (behindFurious 7 andFast & Furious 6).[66][67] It also set anIMAX January opening and single weekend record with $10.6 million (previously held byAvatar in its fourth weekend) and an R-rated IMAX debut record (previously held byPrometheus).[68] It earned $107.2 million during its four-dayMartin Luther King weekend setting a record for the biggest R-rated four-day gross.[69]
In itssecond weekend, the film expanded to 3,705 theaters making it the second-widest launch for an R-rated movie (behind the film itself).[70][71] It grossed an estimated $64.6 million in its second weekend, declining only by 28%—and set the record for the second-best hold ever for a movie opening to more than $85 million and also set the record for the eighth-largest second-weekend gross.[72][73] In just 10 days of release, the film surpassedPearl Harbor ($198.5 million) to become the second-highest-grossing war film in North America.[74] By its second weekend,Box Office Mojo had already reported that the film was on poise to become the highest-grossing film of 2014 in North America, a record that was, at the time held byThe Hunger Games: Mockingjay – Part 1 ($334 million), judging from its gradual decline and strong holdovers.[75] It became the highest-grossing IMAX film of January grossing $18.8 million from 333 IMAX theaters.[76] On Thursday, January 29, 2015–35 days after its initial release, the film surpassedSaving Private Ryan ($216.5 million) to become the highest-grossing war film in North America, unadjusted for inflation.[77]
By its third weekend of wide release, the film expanded to 3,885 theaters (180 additional theaters added), breaking its own record of being the widest R-rated film ever released.[78][79] The film topped the box office through its third weekend earning $30.66 million, which is the second-highestSuper Bowl weekend gross (behindHannah Montana and Miley Cyrus: Best of Both Worlds Concert).[80] After topping the box office for three consecutive weekends, the film was overtaken byThe SpongeBob Movie: Sponge Out of Water in its fourth weekend.[49]
The film had the biggest debut weekend for a Clint Eastwood film, and went on to become the director's top-grossing film of all time in each of the countries in which it was released.[81] In Italy the film opened at number two with $7.1 million, Eastwood's best opening of all time, and Warner Bros.' second-biggest opening for a non-franchise U.S. film there;[82] it went on to top the box office the following weekend as well.[83] Its other largest openings occurred in France ($6.3 million),[84] where it topped the box office for four consecutive weekends,[85] Australia ($4.3 million, $4.6 million including previews),[86] the UK, Ireland and Malta ($3.8 million),[87] Spain ($3.2 million), Japan ($2.8 million), Mexico ($2.6 million), Brazil ($1.8 million), and South Korea ($1.2 million).[84] In total earnings, its largest market outside of the U.S. are Italy ($23 million) and France ($22.8 million).[88]
OnRotten Tomatoes,American Sniper holds an approval rating of 71%, based on 299 reviews, with an average rating of 6.90/10. The website's critical consensus states, "Powered by Clint Eastwood's sure-handed direction and a gripping central performance from Bradley Cooper,American Sniper delivers a tense, vivid tribute to its real-life subject."[89] OnMetacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 73 out of 100, based on 48 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[90] InCinemaScore polls conducted during the opening weekend, audiences gaveAmerican Sniper a rare grade of "A+" on an A+ to F scale.[91]
Todd McCarthy ofThe Hollywood Reporter called the film "A taut, vivid and sad account of the brief life of the most accomplished marksman in American military annals."[92] Justin Chang ofVariety gave the film a positive review, saying: "an excellent performance from a bulked-up Bradley Cooper, this harrowing and intimate character study offers fairly blunt insights into the physical and psychological toll exacted on the front lines".[93]David Denby ofThe New Yorker gave the film a positive review, saying "Both a devastating war movie and a devastating antiwar movie, a subdued celebration of a warrior's skill and a sorrowful lament over his alienation and misery."[94] Keith Phipps ofThe Dissolve wrote that the film, while well made, missed a chance to explore the toll that such service exacts on soldiers.[95]Chris Nashawaty ofEntertainment Weekly gave the film a C+, saying "The film's just a repetition of context-free combat missions and one-dimensional targets."[96] Elizabeth Weitzman ofNew York Daily News gave the film four out of five stars, saying "The best movies are ever-shifting, intelligent and open-hearted enough to expand alongside an audience.American Sniper ... is built on this foundation of uncommon compassion."[97]
Peter Travers ofRolling Stone gave the film three-and-a-half stars out of four, saying "Bradley Cooper, as Navy SEAL Chris Kyle, and director Eastwood salute Kyle's patriotism best by not denying its toll. Their targets are clearly in sight, and their aim is true."[98]Ignatiy Vishnevetsky ofThe A.V. Club gave the film a B, saying "American Sniper is imperfect and at times a little corny, but also ambivalent and complicated in ways that are uniquely Eastwoodian."[99]James Berardinelli ofReelViews gave the film three-and-a-half stars out of four, saying "American Sniper lifts director Clint Eastwood out of the doldrums that have plagued his last few films."[100] Rafer Guzman ofNewsday gave the film three out of four stars, saying "Cooper nails the role of an American killing machine in Clint Eastwood's clear-eyed look at the Iraq War."[101]Kenneth Turan of theLos Angeles Times gave the film a positive review, saying "Eastwood's impeccably crafted action sequences so catch us up in the chaos of combat we are almost not aware that we're watching a film at all."[102] Claudia Puig ofUSA Today gave the film three out of four stars, saying "It's clearly Cooper's show. Substantially bulked up and affecting a believable Texas drawl, Cooper embodies Kyle's confidence, intensity and vulnerability."[103] Joshua Rothkopf ofTime Out New York gave the film four out of five stars, saying "Only Clint Eastwood could make a movie about an Iraq War veteran and infuse it with doubts, mission anxiety and ruination."[104]Dean Obeidallah praised the film, saying "His focus was not on whom we were fighting, but the unbearably high price Americans pay for waging war regardless of its target. The film is a cautionary tale for Americans about why we must avoid war. It is not a celebration of waging it."[105]
The film drew some negative reviews.Matt Taibbi, inRolling Stone, wrote that the movie turned the complicated moral questions and mass-bloodshed of the Iraq war into a black and white fairy tale, without presenting the historical context.[106]Alex von Tunzelmann ofThe Guardian argued that the film presented a simplified black and white portrayal of the Iraq war, and that it features the distortion of facts into unreliable myths based upon previous legends.[107] David Masciotra ofSalon criticized the movie's focus on physical rather than moral courage as the ultimate manly virtue.[108]Cavalry scout sniper Garett Reppenhagen stated that he did not view Iraqi civilians as savages, but as part of a friendly culture for which the movie has furthered ignorance, fear, and bigotry.[109] Inkoo Kang ofTheWrap gave the film a negative review, saying "Director Clint Eastwood's focus on Kyle is so tight that no other character, including wife Taya (Sienna Miller), comes through as a person, and the scope so narrow that the film engages only superficially with the many moral issues surrounding the Iraq War."[110] Several other articles have also been critical of the movie.[111][112][113][114]
Responding to critics, Eastwood said thatAmerican Sniper shows "what [war] does to the people left behind",[115] and that presenting "the fact of what [war] does to the family and the people who have to go back into civilian life like Chris Kyle did" is the "biggestantiwar statement any film" can make.[116] He stated: "One of my favorite war movies that I've been involved with isLetters from Iwo Jima and that was about family, about being taken away from life, being sent someplace. In World War II, everybody just sort of went home and got over it. Now there is some effort to help people through it."[116] He also said: "I was a child growing up duringWorld War II. That was supposed to be the one to end all wars. And four years later, I was standing at thedraft board being drafted during theKorean conflict, and then after that there was Vietnam, and it goes on and on forever ... I just wonder ... does this ever stop? And no, it doesn't. So each time we get in these conflicts, it deserves a lot of thought before we go wading in or wading out. Going in or coming out. It needs a better thought process, I think."[117]
Bradley Cooper stated that much of the criticism ignores that the film was about widespread neglect of returning veterans, and that people who take issue with Kyle should redirect their attention to the leaders who put the troops there in the first place. He said: "We looked at hopefully igniting attention about the lack of care that goes to vets. [Any] discussion that has nothing to do with vets, or what we did or did not do [for them], every conversation in those terms is moving farther and farther from what our soldiers go through, and the fact that 22 veterans commit suicide each day." Cooper said that an increasing number of soldiers are returning from conflict psychologically damaged, only to be more or less discarded.[118]
Several major news sources commented on the accuracy of the film and how it differs from Chris Kyle's written accounts. The enemy sniper Mustafa is a major character in the film but receives only a small mention in the memoir; Kyle noted: "I never saw him, but other snipers later killed an Iraqi sniper we think was him."[122][123] According to the memoir, Kyle's 2100-yard shot was taken against an insurgent holding a rocket launcher, not Mustafa.[123][124]Time notes that according to screenwriter Jason Hall, Kyle said of Mustafa: "He shot my friend. I'm not going to put his name in my book."[125] The first combat scene in the film has Kyle killing a boy and mother who try to attack U.S. troops with a grenade; the boy was added for the film.[122][123][125] The film's narrative has Navy SEAL Ryan "Biggles" Job dying from surgical complications from an operation on his face relatively soon after being shot in Iraq, but in reality it was several years later.[123][124] The character "the Butcher" was created for the film,[122][125] although this character may have been based on the real-lifeAbu Deraa orAhmad Hashim Abd al-Isawi.[122] The visual blogInformation is Beautiful stated that, while taking creative licence into account, the film was 56.9% accurate when compared to real-life events, summarizing: "a lot of the events in the movie did happen, although Kyle's involvement in them was repeatedly exaggerated".[126]
In the film, Kyle decides to join the navy after watching the1998 United States embassy bombings on TV. In reality, this did not contribute to his decision.[127]
One aspect of the film that received negative comment was its use of a fake baby doll in one scene, which was said to look obviously artificial and that it was a distraction to critics and viewers.[128] In at least one media screening of the film, the audience laughed out loud at how artificial the doll appeared.[129] When discussing the film's prospects for winning an Academy Award,Fandango critic Dave Karger said, "The reason whyAmerican Sniper is not going to win is because of the plastic baby."[130] InThe Telegraph, journalist Mark Harris said, "That plastic baby is going to be rationalised by Eastwoodauteur cultists until the end of days."[131] In response, screenwriterJason Hall replied, "Hate to ruin the fun but real baby #1 showed up with a fever. Real baby #2 was no show. [Clint voice] 'Gimme the doll, kid.'"[131][129]
Upon its first week of release on home media in the United States, the film topped both the Nielsen VideoScan First Alert chart, which tracks overall disc sales, as well as the Blu-ray Disc sales chart in the week ending May 24, 2015.[134]
^Nashawaty, Chris (December 25, 2014)."American Sniper Review".Entertainment Weekly.Archived from the original on January 28, 2015. RetrievedDecember 26, 2014.