TheAmerican Broadcasting Company (ABC) is an Americancommercial broadcasttelevision andradionetwork that serves as the flagship property of theDisney Entertainment division ofthe Walt Disney Company. ABC is headquartered on Riverside Drive inBurbank, California, directly across the street fromWalt Disney Studios and adjacent to the Team Disney – Roy E. Disney Animation Building. The network maintains secondary offices at7 Hudson Square in New York City'sLower Manhattan neighborhood, which houses its broadcast center and the headquarters of its news division,ABC News. Until early 2025, the network's East Coast operations were based at 77West 66th Street on theUpper West Side ofManhattan. Since 2007, when ABC Radio (also known asCumulus Media Networks) was sold toCitadel Broadcasting, ABC has reduced its broadcasting operations almost exclusively to television. The youngest of the "Big Three" American television networks, the network is sometimes referred to as theAlphabet Network, as itsinitialism also represents the first three letters of the English alphabet in order.
ABC launched as a radio network in 1943, as the successor to theNBC Blue Network, which had been purchased byEdward J. Noble. It extended its operations to television in 1948, following in the footsteps of established broadcast networksCBS andNBC, as well as the lesser-knownDuMont. In the mid-1950s, ABC merged withUnited Paramount Theatres (UPT), a chain of movie theaters that formerly operated as a subsidiary ofParamount Pictures.Leonard Goldenson, who had been the head of UPT, made the then-new television network profitable by helping to develop andgreen-light many successful television series. In the 1980s, after purchasing an 80 percent interest in cable sports channelESPN, the network's corporate parent, American Broadcasting Companies, Inc., merged with Capital Cities Communications, owner of several television and radio stations and print publications, to formCapital Cities/ABC Inc., which in turn merged into Disney in 1996.
ABC has eightowned-and-operated and more than 230affiliated television stations throughout the United States and its territories. Some ABC-affiliated stations can also be seen in Canada via pay-television providers, and certain other affiliates can also be received over-the-air in areas near theCanada–United States border, although most of its prime time programming is subject tosimultaneous substitution regulations for pay television providers imposed by theCanadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) to protect rights held by domestically based networks.ABC News provides news and feature content for select radio stations owned byCumulus Media, as these stations were former ABC Radio properties.
In 1927,NBC operated a radio network called theNBC Blue Network. It became an independent radio (and eventually television) network known as the American Broadcasting Company (ABC) in 1943. ABC later joined United Paramount Theatres formingAmerican Broadcasting-Paramount Theatres (later American Broadcasting Companies, Inc.). After its venture into radio and television throughout the 1960s and 1970s and the purchase ofESPN in 1982, the company was acquired and merged with Capital Cities, formingCapital Cities/ABC in 1986. The company was sold tothe Walt Disney Company in 1996.
The ABC television network provides an average of 89 hours of network programming each week. It also offers 22 hours of prime-time programming to affiliated stations from 8:00 p.m. to 11:00 p.m. Monday through Saturday (Eastern and Pacific Time) and 7:00 p.m. to 11:00 p.m. on Sundays.
Daytime programming is also provided from 11:00 a.m. to 3:00 p.m. Eastern and Pacific weekdays (subtract 1 hour for all other time zones) (with a one-hour break at 12:00 p.m. Eastern/Pacific for stations to air newscasts, locally produced programming or syndicated programs) featuring the talk-lifestyle showsThe View andGMA: The Third Hour, and the soap operaGeneral Hospital. In addition, ABC News programming includesGood Morning America from 7:00 a.m. to 9:00 a.m. weekdays and Saturdays (along with one-hour Sunday editions), nightly editions ofABC World News Tonight (whose weekend editions are occasionally subject to abbreviation or preemption due to sports telecasts overrunning into the program's timeslot), theSunday political talk showThis Week, early morning news programsWorld News Now andAmerica This Morning and the late-night newsmagazineNightline. Late nights featured the weeknight talk showJimmy Kimmel Live! until its suspension in September 2025.
The network's three-hour Weekend morning children's programming timeslot is programmed by syndication distributorLitton Entertainment, which producesLitton's Weekend Adventure under an arrangement in which theprogramming block is syndicated exclusively to ABC owned-and-operated and affiliated stations, rather than being leased out directly by the network to Litton.
Sports programming is provided on occasion, primarily on weekend afternoons and Saturday evenings. In 2006, the ABC Sports division was shut down, with all sports telecasts on ABC since then being produced in association with sister cable networkESPN under the brandingESPN on ABC. General industry trends and changes in rights have prompted reductions in sports on broadcast television, with Disney preferring to schedule the majority of its sports rights on the networks of ESPN (until 2020).[1][2] Since 2020 ESPN has prioritized ABC with airings of its sports telecasts with occasional simulcasts and exclusive games of ESPNMonday Night Football broadcasts on ABC.[3]
Since 2006, ABC has at least aired ten weeks of primetime sports programming, and since 2020 has aired sports programming almost every week from September to May each year (with primetime encores and movies airing the remainder of the year). ABC is the broadcast television rightsholder of theNational Basketball Association (NBA), with its package (under theNBA on ESPN branding) traditionally beginning with itsChristmas Day games, followed by a series ofSaturday night and Sunday afternoon games through the remainder of the season, weekendplayoff games, and all games of theNBA Finals. ABC is also the broadcast television rightsholder of theNational Hockey League (NHL), with its package (under theNHL on ESPN branding). In this deal, ABC broadcasts at least 10 regular season games (mostly afternoon), theNHL All-Star Game, theNHL Stadium Series, and fourStanley Cup Finals. Duringcollege football season, ABC typically carries an afternoon doubleheader on Saturdays, along with the primetimeSaturday Night Football. ABC also airs coverage of selected bowl games, ABC is also the secondary broadcast partner ofMajor League Baseball (MLB) with the network at least airing wild card series games since 2020 (except for 2021) and selectSunday Night Baseball games by sister network ESPN. Beginning in the2015 NFL season, ESPN agreed to begin simulcasting/exclusively airing NFL games on ABC.[4] Thus, ABC is the only major broadcast network that carries games from all of the traditional "big four" sports leagues (MLB, NFL, NBA, NHL) all at the same time.
ABC owns nearly all of its in-house television and theatrical productions made since the 1970s, except certain co-productions (for example,The Commish is now owned by the estate of its producer,Stephen Cannell). Worldwide video rights are owned by various companies, for example,Kino Lorber owns the North American home video rights to the ABC feature film library (along with some lesser-known live-action films from Disney's library, mostly fromTouchstone Pictures,Hollywood Pictures and20th Century Studios).
When the FCC imposed itsFinancial Interest and Syndication Rules in 1970, ABC proactively created two companies:Worldvision Enterprises as a syndication distributor, and ABC Circle Films as a production company. However, between the publication and implementation of these regulations, the separation of the network's catalog was made in 1973. The broadcast rights to pre-1973 productions were transferred to Worldvision, which became independent in the same year. The company has been sold several times sinceParamount Television acquired it in 1999, and has most recently been absorbed intoCBS Media Ventures (formerly CBS Television Distribution), a unit ofParamount Skydance, which owns the competitorCBS. Nonetheless, Worldvision sold portions of its catalog, including theRuby-Spears and Hanna-Barbera libraries, toTurner Broadcasting System (now a part ofWarner Bros. parent companyWarner Bros. Discovery) in 1991. With Disney's 1996 purchase of ABC, ABC Circle Films was absorbed into Touchstone Television, a Disney subsidiary which in turn was renamed ABC Studios in 2007.[8]
Since its inception, ABC has had over 300 television stations that have carried programming from the network at various times throughout its history, including its first two owned-and-operated and affiliated stations, founding O&OWABC-TV and inaugural affiliateWPVI-TV. As of 2020[update], ABC has eight owned-and-operated stations, and current and pending affiliation agreements with 236 additional television stations encompassing 50 states, the District of Columbia, four U.S. possessions, Bermuda, andSaba.[9][10] This makes ABC the largest U.S. broadcast television network by the total number of affiliates. The network has an estimated national reach of 97.72% of all households in the United States (or 305,347,338 Americans with at least one television set).New Jersey,Rhode Island, andDelaware are the only U.S. states where ABC does not have a locally licensed affiliate (New Jersey is served by New York City O&O WABC-TV in the north half of the state and Philadelphia O&O WPVI-TV in the south,[11] Rhode Island is served byNew Bedford, Massachusetts-licensedWLNE, though outside of the transmitter, all other operations for the station are based inProvidence,[12] and Delaware is served by WPVI in the northern two thirds andSalisbury, Maryland, affiliateWMDT in the southern third of the state).[13]
ABC maintains affiliations with low-power stations (broadcasting either in analog or digital) in a few markets, such asBirmingham, Alabama (WBMA-LD),Lima, Ohio (WPNM-LD) andSouth Bend, Indiana (WBND-LD). In some markets, including Lima and South Bend, these stations also maintain digital simulcasts on a subchannel of a co-owned/co-managed full-power television station. The network has the unusual distinction of having separately owned-and-operated affiliates which serve the same market inTampa, Florida (WFTS-TV andWWSB),Boston, Massachusetts (WCVB-TV andWMUR-TV),Lincoln, Nebraska (KLKN andKHGI-TV), andGrand Rapids, Michigan (WZZM andWOTV), with an analogous situation arising inKansas City, Missouri (KMBC-TV andKQTV). KQTV is licensed toSt. Joseph, whichNielsen designates as a separate market from Kansas City, despite a mere 55-mile (89 km) distance between the two cities and the Kansas City-based stations (including KMBC) providing bettercity-grade to Grade B coverage to the area compared to the signals of the primary ABC affiliates in the other aforementioned dual-affiliate markets. KQTV was St. Joseph's lone major network affiliate until 2011, when locally basedNews-Press & Gazette Company began establishing low-power affiliates of ABC's four English-language competitors andTelemundo on three low-power stations to end St. Joseph's dependence on Kansas City. WWSB, KHGI, and WOTV serve areas that do not receive an adequate signal from their market's primary ABC affiliate.
ABC initially affiliated with WWSB to cover southern portions of theTampa–St. Petersburg market—including WWSB'scity of license,Sarasota—as the transmitters ofWTSP, the market's former primary ABC affiliate from 1965 to 1994, and formerMiami affiliateWPLG had been short-spaced to avoid interference between their respective analog-VHF channel 10 signals, WWSB remained an ABC affiliate after its Tampa affiliation moved from WTSP to WFTS in December 1994, even though WFTS's signal reaches Sarasota and some surrounding areas.[relevant?][citation needed] WCVB-TV is licensed to Boston while WMUR-TV is licensed toManchester, New Hampshire (which is officially part of the Boston market). WCVB is easily receivable in Manchester with a good antenna as well as having its news department that coversNew Hampshire; it is the only station licensed to the state that does such. Both WCVB and WMUR are owned byHearst Television.
At the time ofJimmy Kimmel's suspension in September 2025, among other properties owned by the two companies,Nexstar Media Group owned or provided services to 201 stations serving 116 markets, while Sinclair owned or provided services to 178 stations in 81 markets.[14] Based on 2024–25Nielsen Media Research market estimates, the ABCowned-and-operated station subsidiary ABC Owned Television Stations (whose eight stations are mostly clustered in major markets likeNew York City, Los Angeles,Chicago, San Francisco,Philadelphia, andHouston) was the largest owner of ABC stations by cumulative national market share, covering 21.87% of American households. Individually, Sinclair and Nexstar were respectively the second- and fourth-largest owners of ABC stations, reaching 14.56% and 9.28% of American households respectively (withThe E. W. Scripps Company, with 17 affiliates covering 12.87% of the United States, being the third-largest).[15]
All of ABC's owned-and-operated stations and affiliates have had their facilities and studios,[citation needed] but transverse entities have been created to produce national programming. As a result, television series were produced by ABC Circle Films beginning in 1962 and by Touchstone Television beginning in 1985, before Touchstone was reorganized asABC Studios in February 2007 and later renamed to its current nameABC Signature in August 2020. Since the 1950s, ABC has had two main production facilities: the ABC Television Center (nowThe Prospect Studios) onProspect Avenue inHollywood, California, shared with the operations of KABC-TV until 1999, and the ABC Television Center, East, a set of studios located throughout New York City.
ABC owned several facilities in New York, grouped mainly on West 66th Street, with the main set of facilities on the corner of Columbus Avenue. These facilities occupy a combined 105,000 square feet (9,800 m2) across two blocks with a total area of 159,000 square feet (14,800 m2). This main set of buildings includes:
77 West 66th Street, a 22-story building built in 1988 on a 175-by-200-foot (53 m × 61 m) plot;
A pair of buildings at 147–155 Columbus Avenue (ten and seven stories) connected by glass bays, constructed on a 150-by-200-foot (46 m × 61 m) plot;
30 West 67th Street, a 15-story building with a facade on 67th Street on a 100-by-100-foot (30 m × 30 m) plot;
56 West 66th Street, the formerFirst Battery Armory of the New York National Guard, a five-story building on a 174-by-100-foot (53 m × 30 m) plot.
ABC also owns 7, 17 and 47 West 66th Street, three buildings on a 375-by-100-foot (114 m × 30 m) plot. The block of West 66th Street between Central Park West and Columbus Avenue, which houses the ABC News building, was renamed Peter Jennings Way in 2006 in honor of the then-recently deceased news anchor.[16] Disney formerly leased 70,000 sq ft (6,500 m2) at 157 Columbus Avenue, on the northern side of 67th Street.[17]
Entrance of ABC's headquarters at 77 West 66th Street
WABC-TV buildings at 147–155 Columbus Avenue and behind 157 Columbus Avenue
ABC owns theTimes Square Studios at 1500 Broadway, on land owned by a development fund for the42nd Street Project. Opened in September 1999,Good Morning America was broadcast from this facility until June 13, 2025. ABC News had premises on West 66th Street, in a six-story building occupying a 196-by-379-foot (60 m × 116 m) plot at 121–135West End Avenue. On July 9, 2018, the Walt Disney Company announced that it was selling its two West 66th Street campuses (except for the National Guard Amory) toSilverstein Properties and purchasing one square block of property in lower Manhattan to build a new New York-based broadcast center.[18] The building, known as7 Hudson Square, opened in 2024 withThe View being the first show to move to the new broadcast facility.The Tamron Hall Show,ABC News,WABC-TV,ESPN, andGood Morning America all moved their operations to the new facility separately from January–June 2025.
ABC maintains severalvideo-on-demand (VOD) services for delayed viewing of the network's programming, including a traditional VOD service called ABC on Demand, which is carried on most traditional cable andIPTV providers. The Walt Disney Company is also a part-owner ofHulu, and has offered full-length episodes of most of ABC's programming through thisstreaming service since July 6, 2009.[19]
In May 2013, ABC launched "WatchABC", a revamp of its traditional multi-platform streaming services encompassing the network's existing streaming portal at ABC.com and amobile app for smartphones and tablet computers. This service provides full-length episodes of ABC programs and live streams of local affiliates in select markets (this was the first such offering by a U.S. broadcast network). Live streams are only available toauthenticated subscribers of participating pay television providers. WABC-TV New York and WPVI-TV Philadelphia were the first stations to offer streams of their programming on the service, with the six remaining ABC O&Os offering streams by the start of the 2013–14 season.Hearst Television also reached a deal to offer streams of its ABC affiliates on the service, though as of 2016[update] these stations are only available for live-streaming forDirecTV subscribers.[20][21]
In November 2015, it was reported that ABC had been developing a slate of original digital series for the WatchABC service, internally codenamed ABC3.[22] In July 2016, ABC re-launched its streaming platforms, dropping the WatchABC brand, adding a streaming library of 38 classic ABC series, and introducing 7 original short-form series under the blanket branding ABCd.[23]
The most recent episodes of the network's shows are usually made available on the ABC app, Hulu, and ABC on Demand the day after their original broadcast. In addition, ABC on Demand disallowsfast forwarding of accessed content. In 2021, ABC updated the app to allow app users to watch shows from ABC's sister networks:Freeform,FX, andNational Geographic.Free ad-supported streaming television channels were added to the ABC app in 2022 and 2023, including a 24-hour version ofESPN8 The Ocho and a seasonal channel dedicated to Freeform's25 Days of Christmas original content.[24][25] On August 23, 2024, Disney began notifying its carriage partners that it would discontinue the mobile and digital media player apps for ABC, along withDisneyNow,Freeform,FX, andNational Geographic, effective September 23. However, TV Everywhere content would still be available via their respective websites in order to funnel viewers towards Disney+ andHulu.[26][27]
ABC's master feed is transmitted in720phigh-definition, the native resolution format for the Walt Disney Company's American television properties. However, most ofHearst Television's ABC-affiliated stations and some ofTegna's ABC affiliates transmit the network's programming in1080i, while 11 other affiliates owned by various companies carry the network feed in480istandard definition[9] either due to technical considerations for affiliates of other major networks that carry ABC programming on a digital subchannel or because a primary feed ABC affiliate has not yet upgraded their transmission equipment to allow content to be presented in HD. Although ABC has not fully transitioned to1080p orultra HD, some stations such as ABC affiliate stationKNXV-TV in Phoenix, Arizona, transmit the network's programming at 1080p via anATSC 3.0 multiplex stations, such asKASW with KNXV-TV.
ABC began its conversion to high definition with the launch of its simulcast feed, ABC HD, on September 16, 2001, at the start of the2001–02 season, with its scripted prime-time series becoming the first shows to upgrade to the format, the simulcast feed was launched first on ABC's owned television stations that same date with many major affiliates following after that. Both new and returning scripted series were broadcast in high definition. In 2011,Extreme Makeover: Home Edition was the last program on the network's schedule that was broadcast in4:3 standard definition. All of the network's new programming has been presented in HD since January 2012. The affiliate-syndicated Saturday morning educational and informative (E/I) blockLitton's Weekend Adventure was the first children's program block on U.S. network television to feature programs available in HD upon its September 2011 debut. The HD programming is broadcast in5.1 surround sound.
On September 1, 2016, ABC began to use16:9 framing for its most graphical imaging (primarily the network'sbug, in-program promotions and generic closing credit sequences as well as sports telecasts, where the bottom line and scoreboard elements now extend outside the 4:3 frame), requiring its stations and pay television providers to display its programming in a compulsory widescreen format, either in high definition or standard definition. With this change, some programs also began positioning their main on-screen credits outside the 4:3 aspect ratio.
The ABC logo has evolved many times since the network's creation in 1943. The network's first logo, introduced in 1946, consisted of a television screen containing the letters "T" and "V,” with a verticalABC microphone in the center,[28] referencing the network's roots in radio. When the ABC-UPT merger was finalized in 1953, the network introduced a new logo based on the FCC seal, with the letters "ABC" enclosed in a circularshield surmounted by a bald eagle.[28] In 1957, just before the television network began its first color broadcasts, the ABC logo consisted of a tiny lowercase "abc" in the center of a large lowercase lettera, a design known as the ABC Circle A.[28]
The first "ABC Circle" logo, designed byPaul Rand on October 19, 19621962 color variant. Also used for the promotion of the 2025 film,The Fantastic Four: First Steps.
In 1962, graphic designerPaul Rand redesigned the ABC logo (nicknamed the "ABC Circle") into its current and best-known form, with the lowercase letters "abc" enclosed in a single black circle. The new logo debuted on-air on October 19 of the same year, but it was not until the following spring that it was fully adopted. The letters are strongly reminiscent of theBauhaus typeface designed byHerbert Bayer in the 1920s,[29] but also share similarities with several other fonts, such asITC Avant Garde and Horatio, and most closely resembling Chalet. The logo's simplicity made it easier to redesign and duplicate, which was beneficial before the advent of computer graphics. A color version of the logo was also developed around 1963, and animated as a brief 10-second intro to be shown before the then-small handful of network programs broadcast in color (similar to the NBC "Laramie" peacock intro used during that era). The "a" was rendered in red, the "b" in blue, and the "c" in green, against the same single black circle. A variant of this color logo, with the colored letters against a white circle, was also commonly used throughout the 1960s.
The 1970s and 1980s saw the emergence of many graphical imaging packages for the network which based the logo's setting mainly on special lighting effects then under development including white, blue, pink, rainbow neon, and glittering dotted lines. Among the ABC Circle logo's many variants was a 1977 ID sequence that featured a bubble on a black background representing the circle with glossy gold letters, and was the first ABC identification card to simulate a three-dimensional appearance.[28]
Logo from September 10, 1988, to August 14, 2007
In 1983, for the 40th anniversary of the network's founding, ID sequences had the logo appear in a goldCGI design on a blue background, accompanied by the slogan "That Special Feeling" in a script font.[28] Ten years later, in 1993, the "ABC Circle" logo reverted to its classic white-on-black color scheme, but with gloss effects on both the circle and the letters, and a bronze border surrounding the circle.[28] The ABC logo first appeared as anon-screen bug in the1993–94 season, appearing initially only for 60 seconds at the beginning of an act or segment, then appearing throughout programs beginning in the1995–96 season, the respective iterations of the translucent logo bug were also incorporated within program promotions until the 2011–12 season.
During the 1997–98 season, the network began using a minimalist graphical identity with a yellow and black motif, designed by Pittard Sullivan, featuring a small black-and-white "ABC Circle" logo on a yellow background (promotions during this time also featured a sequence of still photos of the stars of its programs during the timeslot card as well as the schedule sequence that began each night's prime time lineup).[28] A new four-note theme tune (composed by Mad Bus Music) was introduced alongside the package, based around the network's then-new "We Love TV" image campaign from the 1998–99 season, creating anaudio signature in comparative parlance to theNBC chimes, CBS's various sound marks (including the five-note version introduced in 2020) and theFox fanfare (which was phased out by the Fox network in 2019). The four-note signature has been updated with every television season thereafter until the 2020–21 season.
In 1999, ABC launched a web-based promotional campaign focused around its circle logo, also called 'the dot', in which comic book characterLittle Dot prompted visitors to "download the dot,” a program which would cause the ABC logo to fly around the screen and settle in the bottom-right corner.[30] The network hired the Troika Design Group to design and produce its 2001–02 identity, which continued using the black-and-yellow coloring of the logo and featured dots and stripes in various promotional and identification spots.[31]
Glassy version from August 15, 2007, to May 29, 2013
On June 10, 2007, ABC began to phase in a new imaging campaign for the upcoming 2007–08 season, "Start Here,” accompanied by a glassy version of the ABC logo. Also developed by Troika, marketing used a series of icons intended to emphasize the availability of ABC content across multiple platforms, and sought to "simplify and bring a lot more consistency and continuity to the visual representation of ABC." On-air, the logo was accompanied by animated water and ribbon effects. Red ribbons were used to represent the entertainment division, while blue ribbons were used for ABC News.[32][33]
Gray-colored version of the logo from May 30, 2013 to August 8, 2021, was the main logo from September 14, 2018 onward. Variants in gold, blue, and red were used from May 30, 2013 to September 13, 2018.
ABC introduced a revision to its logo and branding by Loyalkaspar for the 2013–14 season, the logo carried a simpler gloss design than the 2007 version, and had lettering closer-resembling Paul Rand's original version of the circle logo. A customtypeface inspired by the ABC logotype, ABC Modern, was also created for use in advertising and other promotional elements. The logo was used in various color schemes, with a gold version used primarily for ABC's entertainment divisions, a red version used primarily for ESPN on ABC, steel blue and dark grey versions used primarily by ABC News, and all four colors used interchangeably in promotions.[34]
Upon a reimaging by The New Blank for the 2018–19 season, the blue, red, and yellow variants were dropped, with the dark grey version becoming ABC's main logo. Surrounding promotional elements adopted a circular "echo" motif and the new slogan "America's Network".[35]
Black-on-red version of the logo used since August 9, 2021
Another revision to the logo was introduced on August 9, 2021, ahead of the 2021–22 season. Designed by Trollbäck & Company, it is designed to adhere toflat design trends, and returns to a solid, two-dimensional design with smaller and bolder lettering. The main logo is rendered in a dark, blue-gray color, outlined and black-on-red variations are also used, such as for the on-screen bug and promotional usage respectively.[36][37] The 2021 rebrand also introduced a sonic logo that retains three out of the four notes of ABC's prior audio logo and was composed by YouTooCanWoo.[38]
ABC logo with Hulu streaming lockup
TheCircle 7 logo, designed in 1962, is also commonly associated with ABC affiliates who broadcast on channel 7, including its flagship local stations WABC-TV (New York City), KABC-TV (Los Angeles), KGO-TV (San Francisco) andWLS-TV (Chicago). This logo was intended to be used somewhat interchangeably by these stations with the main circular network logo and has itself also become an iconic symbol of the ABC network. KGO was the first of the ABC-owned stations to use the Circle 7 logo, starting on August 27, 1962, by the end of the year, the other ABC-owned stations began using the logo, and have continued to do so since.
The first attempts to internationalize the ABC television network dates to the 1950s, when Goldenson tried to use the same strategies he had in expanding UPT's theater operation to the international market.[39] Goldenson said that ABC's first international activity was broadcasting the coronation ofQueen Elizabeth II in June 1953, CBS and NBC were delayed in covering the coronation due to flight delays.[40][41] Goldenson tried international investing, having ABC invest in stations in the Latin American market, acquiring a 51% interest in a network covering Central America and in 1959 established program distributorWorldvision Enterprises.[42] Goldenson also cited interest in Japan in the early 1950s,[43] acquiring a 5% stake in two new domestic networks, theMainichi Broadcasting System in 1951 andTV Asahi in 1957.[43] Goldenson also invested in broadcasting properties inBeirut in the mid-1960s.[44]
The goal was to create a network of wholly and partially owned channels and affiliates to rebroadcast the network's programs. In 1959, this rerun activity was completed with program syndication, with ABC Films selling programs to networks not owned by ABC.[45] The arrival of satellite television ended the need for ABC to hold interests in other countries,[46] many governments also wanted to increase their independence and strengthen legislation to limit foreign ownership of broadcasting properties. As a result, ABC was forced to sell all of its interests in international networks, mainly in Japan and Latin America, in the 1970s; a partial stake in theRepublic Broadcasting System in the Philippines was forcibly removed in 1974 after the declaration ofmartial law under Ferdinand Marcos in September 1972.[47]
The second period of international expansion is linked to that of the ESPN network in the 1990s, and policies enacted in the 2000s by Disney Media Networks. These policies included the expansion of several of the company's U.S.-based cable networks including Disney Channel and its spinoffs Toon Disney,Playhouse Disney andJetix, although Disney also sold its 33% stake in European sports channelEurosport for $155 million in June 2000.[48] In contrast to Disney's other channels, ABC broadcasts in the United States with programming syndicated in other countries. The policy regarding wholly owned international networks was revived and on September 27, 2004, ABC announced the launch ofABC1, afree-to-air channel in the United Kingdom owned by the ABC Group.[49] However, ABC1 could not attain sustainable viewership[50] and was shut down in October 2007.[50]
Prior to the ABC1 closure, on October 10, 2006, Disney–ABC Television Group entered into an agreement with satellite providerDish TV to carry its ABC News Now channel in India.[51] However, this operation was not put into effect.
In Australia, theNine Network maintained close ties with ABC and has used a majority of the U.S. network's image campaigns and slogans since the 1970s, in particular, "Still the One", ABC's slogan it adopted for the1977–78 television season and again for the1979–80 television season, was adopted by Nine for the 1978 Australian television season (before, Nine also used ABC's "Let Us Be the One" slogan), and lasted longer ever since it was re-adopted in 1980, it was Nine's main slogan until it was replaced in December 2006, only to be reintroduced in November 2021. ABC's other slogans were also adopted by Nine during the 1980–2006 period, as secondary slogans complementing the "Still the One" slogan.[citation needed]
MostCanadians have access to at least one U.S.-based ABC affiliate, either over-the-air (in areas located within proximity of theCanada–United States border) or through a cable, satellite orIPTV provider. Most ABC programs are subject tosimultaneous substitution regulations imposed by the CRTC, which require television service providers to replace an American station's signal with the feed of aCanadian broadcaster carrying the same syndicated program to protect domestic programming rights and advertising revenue.
Like Canada, ABC programming is available in Mexico through free-to-air affiliates in markets located within proximity to the Mexico–United States border whose signals are readily receivable over-the-air in border areas of northern Mexico.
^Broadcast rights to the Primetime Emmy Awards are rotated across all four major networks on a year-to-year basis
^Along with two associated specials, theCMA Music Festival andCMA Country Christmas.
^The only exception was in 1999, when ABC instead broadcastABC 2000 Today, a day-long telecast produced by ABC News as part of the2000 Today consortium, which was hosted byPeter Jennings and covered festivities from around the world (Dick Clark co-hosted coverage from Times Square).
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