Amateur radio international reciprocal operating agreements permitamateur radio operators (hams) from one country to operate a station whilst traveling in another without the need to obtain additional licenses or permits.
When no agreement exists between countries, amateur radio operators are often required to apply for a reciprocal operating permit or a full amateur radio license andcall sign from the host country. Some countries may accept a foreign amateur radio licenses as proof of qualification in lieu of examination requirements[1] whereas other host countries may provideunilateral reciprocal operating privileges without the need for additional licensing.
Member Nations of theEuropean Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations (CEPT)[2] all share the same amateur radio reciprocal licensing requirements. Amateurs are permitted to operate from most European countries without the requirement of obtaining additional licenses or permits.
The following countries outside of Europe also participate in CEPT Recommendation T/R 61-01:[1][3][4]
Peru signed CEPT Recommendation T/R 61-01 but never transferred it into national law. Operation under CEPT Recommendation T/R 61-01 is illegal and a guest operating permit is needed.
The United States and Canada currently accept CEPT licenses within areas controlled by the US Federal Communications Commission or Industry Canada respectively.[3][5]
CEPT member countries accept:
United States licensed stations are required to carry and provide upon request:
In Canada, "the Minister of Industry has delegated Radio Amateurs of Canada (RAC) to issue CEPT permits for Canadian licensed stations."[3]
Canadian licensed stations are required to provide upon request:
As of February 4, 2008, CEPT no longer accepts Technician or General Class Licensees for CEPT reciprocal privileges.[7] US General Class licenses are accepted under a separate agreement as CEPT Novice licensees.[3]
In 2009 the Electronic Communications Committee (ECC) revised the 'CEPT Novice Radio Amateur license', a separate agreement, to include novice class reciprocal operating privileges in some CEPT countries under modified conditions. European reciprocal privileges have, at least in part, been restored to US General Class Operators as CEPT Novice Operators.[2]
In 1995 the treaty creating the International Amateur Radio Permit (IARP) was ratified at a meeting of theOrganization of American States inMontrouis, Haiti.[8][9]
The IARP allows amateur radio operation within counties that are signatories[10][11][12] to the treaty[8] without the need to obtain a special license or permit, all of the counties that are a part of this treaty are located in theAmericas.[13] TheInter‑American Telecommunication Commission (CITEL) agreement allows an IARP[14] to be issued, by a member-society of theInternational Amateur Radio Union (IARU).
Similar to the CEPT licenses there are distinct classes which bestow different levels of operating privileges base on the operators home licence. Class 1 requires knowledge of Morse code and allows operation of all of the amateur bands where Class 2 operating privileges do not require Morse code proficiency but limit users to bands above 30 MHz.[8][14]
Citizens of the United States or Canada may operate in the other country as a domestically licensed station, as if their license had been issued in said country, without the requirement of obtaining any license or permission from the other government.[15][5]
An American or Canadian amateur may allow third party use of his station and call sign, carry international third party traffic, serve as a temporarycontrol operator for arepeater station, and identify themselves as a domestic station using the national call sign system, provided:[16][5]
Amateur radio operators ininternational waters or airspace are subject to the reciprocal licensing requirements pertaining to the country under which the vessel is flagged. Permission by the vessel's captain for on-board use of amateur radio equipment is often a legal requirement.[13]
Although Antarctica is considered international by treaty, Amateur radio operators in Antarctica are often subject to the reciprocal licensing requirements pertaining to the country under which the camp is flagged.[17]
Stations operating from space, defined as an altitude above 50 km (31 mi) above the height of the average terrain, are subject to the terms and conditions established in conjunction with their amateur license grant.[18]
ADX-pedition is an expedition to what is considered an exotic place byamateur radio operators, perhaps because of its remoteness or because there are very few radio amateurs active from that place. This could be an island, a country, or even a particular spot on a geographical grid.
The activity was pioneered by one-timeARRL presidentRobert W. Denniston. Mr. Denniston's 1948 DX-pedition was tothe Bahamas and was called "Gon-Waki" alaThor Heyerdahl's "Kon-Tiki" expedition the previous year. Arguably there were earlier trips where amateur radio was used that might have qualified as DX-peditions. An example is the voyage of theschoonerKaimiloa, which traveled the South Pacific in 1924. While the ship's wealthy owners enjoyed the islands an amateur radio operator kept contact with, and sentQSL cards to, experimenters in the United States.[19]
