ʻAmanave | |
|---|---|
Village | |
  ʻAmanave | |
| Coordinates:14°19′48″S170°49′46″W / 14.33000°S 170.82944°W /-14.33000; -170.82944 | |
| Country |  United States |
| Territory |  American Samoa |
| Area | |
• Total | 0.342 sq mi (0.885 km2) |
| Population (2020) | |
• Total | 246 |
| • Density | 720/sq mi (278/km2) |
ʻAmanave (Samoan:ʻĀmanave) is avillage on the coast ofTutuila Island,American Samoa. It is located close to the island's western tip,Cape Taputapu, and to the south of the village ofPoloa. It is located inLealataua County.
ʻAmanave was severely damaged by the2009 tsunami. However, of a population of about 500 residents, no deaths were recorded. When the tsunami approached, emergency information was sent by radio and a bell rang in the village. After the tsunami, some residents followed the advice of theFederal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) and moved into houses on a higher elevation.[1]
Its mayor Aveao Faausu Fonoti received the Community Resiliency Leadership Award at the National Disaster Preparedness Training Center in 2010, due to his handling of the 2009 tsunami. The executive director of the center told reporters: "In spite of the fact that something like eighty percent of his village was destroyed, there were no casualties. And based on our research we found that many lives were saved because of his bravery, his leadership, his knowledge."[2]
The village is in an area which is renowned for its rugged volcanic coastline.[3] After its confluence with its tributaries near central parts of the village,Laloafu Stream discharges into the Pacific from ʻAmanave Bay.[4]: 33–6
The first formal school established on the island wasAtauloma Girls School in ʻAmanave, which opened in 1900–1901. Although originally located in the village of ʻAmanave, it was later relocated toAfao. Remains from the historic site can still be viewed on the top of the hill in theAtauloma area of Afao village.
DuringWorld War II, the single-lane roads which for long had been connectingAlofau in theeast to ʻAmanave in thewest proved inadequate for military requirements. They were therefore replaced by a two-lane, coral-rock-surface road, which could handle the heavy military vehicles.[5][6]
In 2009, ʻAmanave was one of the earliest hit and hardest hit villages in American Samoa during the2009 Samoa earthquake and tsunami. Located at sea level, the tsunami waves destroyed or caused major damageto every building in the village.[7]
| Year | Population[10] |
|---|---|
| 2020 | 246 |
| 2010 | 250 |
| 2000 | 287 |
| 1990 | 378 |
| 1980 | 269 |
| 1970 | 292 |
| 1960 | 269 |
| 1950 | 209 |
| 1940 | 123 |
| 1930 | 106 |
The1990 U.S. census reported 53 houses in ʻAmanave. The proportion of ʻAmanave inhabitants born outside of American Samoa was 17% in the early 1980s and 29% in the late 1980s. In 1990, 43 percent of village residents were born outside of American Samoa.[4]: 33–9
As of 1995, business license records from the government show eleven commercial enterprises based in the village. Businesses included five grocery stores, a retail shop, a gas station, and several bus companies. There is also banana production on the western side of the village, upslope from the shoreline road near Malama Point. Coconut production occurred east of ʻAmanave on the south side ofLeafu Stream.[4]: 33–10
Utusiva Island is located in ʻAmanave Bay and is known for its diverse vegetation. The islet is home to various species of shrubs and trees, including Desmodium umbellatum,Morinda citrifolia,Premna obtusifolia,Ficus scabra,Gardenia taitensis, andBarringtonia asiatica. Additionally, tree species such asCocos nucifera (coconut palm),Thespesia populnea,Pisonia grandis,Grewia crenata,Diospyros elliptica, andFicus tinctoria are found on the island. This rich assortment of plant life contributes to the ecological significance of Utusiva Island.[11]