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Alma Mary Templeton Moodie (12 September 1898[1] – 7 March 1943) was an Australianviolinist who established an excellent reputation in Germany in the 1920s and 1930s.[2][3] She was regarded as being among the foremost female violinists during the inter-war years, along with such players as Erica Morini, Jelly d'Arányi and Kathleen Parlow;[4] and she premiered violin concertos byKurt Atterberg,Hans Pfitzner andErnst Krenek. She andMax Rostal were considered the best pre-war proponents of theCarl Flesch tradition.[5] She became a teacher at theHoch Conservatory in Frankfurt. However, Alma Moodie made no recordings,[6][7] and she appears in very few reference sources. Despite her former renown, her name became virtually unknown for many years. She appeared in earlier editions of Grove's and Baker's Dictionaries, but does not appear in the more recent editions.[2]
Alma Mary Templeton Moodie was born on 12 September 1898 in regionalQueensland, Australia, the daughter of William Templeton Moodie and his wife Susan (née McClafferty).[8][9] Some sources say she was born inMount Morgan,[6][10] others inRockhampton.[1][11]
She was an only child. Her father, an ironmonger fromAyrshire,Scotland, died on 9 July 1899, when she was less than one year old.[12][13] Her mother, a music teacher, was the daughter of Irish immigrants.[14]
She studied violin at Mount Morgan, being taught initially by her widowed mother from a very young age, and from the age of 5 byLouis D’Hage in Rockhampton.[14][8][15] She appeared in public recitals at age 6 – a performance in Rockhampton in October 1904 was described by a local reporter fromThe Morning Bulletin, "Her rendering of Renard's 'Berceuse,' accompanied on the piano by Herr Hage, showed the possibility of surprising musical gifts being developed at an extremely young age. The executive ability displayed in this, and an encore piece – 'Canzonetta' (Daube) – was certainly remarkable."[16] In 1905 she passed her violin examinations with distinction achieving the maximum score.[17]
In 1907, aged 9, she gained a scholarship to theBrussels Conservatory,[14][18] where she studied withOskar Back for three years, under the general guidance ofCésar Thomson (later, when she had achieved fame, Back and Thomson would both claim to have been her primary teacher).[6] She was accompanied by her mother, who remained with her until her death when Alma was aged 20. In 1913 she was recommended toMax Reger, who, after hearing her play, wrote to his patron DukeGeorge of Sachsen-Meiningen:
Today a 13-year-old girl[she was actually 15 at the time] — English – played for me; hers is the biggest violin talent I have ever encountered. The 13-year-old played Bach solo sonatas for me, sonatas which are the most difficult to play of any in the whole literature of violin music ... I am not ashamed to admit that there were tears in my eyes while this delicate 13-year-old child played for me. Our Lord God has certainly created one of his miracles.[6]
InMeiningen,Eisenach andHildburghausen Alma Moodie played concertos with Reger conducting,[6] and she appeared in recital with him.[19] Reger also recommended her to other concert organisers.[20] In 1914, he dedicated to her hisPräludium und Fuge for solo violin, Op. 131a, No. 4.[6] The Regers had no children, and Max and Alma became like father and daughter for some time. Her mother had planned to return to Australia, leaving Alma in the care of Max andElsa Reger, but the start of World War I meant she could not leave Europe.[6] The Moodies stayed in Meiningen for the first few months of the war, and then moved toBrussels. Reger died in 1916, without ever seeing Alma again.[6] Times were very hard in Brussels for Alma and her mother. Alma became thin and ill, and claimed she did not touch her violin for four years. Her mother died of consumption or influenza in the spring of 1918.[6]
Alma returned to Germany in October 1918, where she lived in a 12th-century castle in theHarz mountains as ward of Fürst Christian Ernst zu Stolberg und Wernigerode. It is not known how she came to be associated with him. However, it was while here that she met her future husband. She wanted to resume her violin playing, which had badly deteriorated during the war, and made contact withCarl Flesch in November 1919, who agreed to accept her as a pupil. She continued having lessons with Flesch throughout her travelling career and after the birth of her son. Flesch had a special fondness for Alma Moodie (he wrote 'amongst all the pupils in my course I liked Alma Moodie best').[6]
She made Germany her home, and never returned to Australia.[6][18] In Berlin on 6 November 1919, with theBerlin Philharmonic Orchestra underMax von Schillings, she premiered the Violin Concerto in E minor, Op. 7 ofKurt Atterberg.[6] In the 1922–23 season, she played ninety concerts, seventy of them in seven months, in a tour that took her to Switzerland, Italy, Paris, Berlin, and 'the Orient'.[6]
From 1922 (or earlier), the Swiss businessmanWerner Reinhart became a driving force in her career and she became a regular visitor to his homes inWinterthur and other places, where she came into contact with most of the prominent names in the contemporary music scene of the day. It was Reinhart who gave her aGuarnerius violin that had previously been owned byFritz Kreisler.[6][21][22][23] Through Reinhart, in 1923 she met the poetRainer Maria Rilke, who was greatly impressed with her playing. He wrote in a letter: "What a sound, what richness, what determination. That and the "Sonnets to Orpheus", those were two strings of the same voice. And she plays mostly Bach! Muzot has received its musical christening...."[24][25][26] And it was through Reinhart that she attended and performed at many of theInternational Society for Contemporary Music (ISCM)'s festivals.[6]
She championed the music ofHans Pfitzner[27] and he dedicated his Violin Concerto in B minor, Op. 34 (1923) to her. She premiered it inNuremberg, on 4 June 1924, with the composer conducting.[28][29] Moodie became its leading exponent, and performed it over 50 times in Germany with conductors such as Pfitzner,Wilhelm Furtwängler,Hans Knappertsbusch,Hermann Scherchen,Karl Muck,Carl Schuricht, andFritz Busch. At that time, the Pfitzner concerto was considered the most important addition to the violin concerto repertoire sincethe first concerto ofMax Bruch, although it has slipped from the repertoire of most violinists these days.
Between 1921 and her death in 1943, Alma Moodie often appeared with the Latvian pianist and composerEduard Erdmann, for example in Pfitzner's Violin Sonata, which was dedicated to Moodie.[30] Erdmann's own Sonata for Solo Violin, Op. 12 (1921) was dedicated to her, and she premiered it in Berlin in October 1921.[31] The Australian-English criticWalter J. Turner wrote of a recital he heard them play in London in April 1934, 'it was the best violin piano duo that I have ever heard'. Their last concert together was given on 4 March 1943, three days before her death, when they were in the middle of the cycle ofBeethoven sonatas.[6]
Ernst Krenek marriedAnna Mahler (the daughter ofGustav Mahler) in March 1924, when Krenek was completing his Violin Concerto No. 1, Op. 29. Alma Moodie assisted Krenek, not with the scoring of the violin part, but with getting financial assistance from Werner Reinhart at a time when there was hyper-inflation in Germany. In gratitude, Krenek dedicated the concerto to Moodie, and she premiered it on 5 January 1925, inDessau. In the meantime, Krenek's marriage to Anna Mahler had collapsed, and their divorce became final a few days after the premiere.[32] Krenek did not attend the premiere, but he did have an affair with Moodie[33] which has been described as "short-lived and complicated".[6] He never managed to hear her play the concerto, but he did "immortalize some aspects of her personality in the character of Anita in his operaJonny spielt auf".[6] Krenek also dedicated his Sonata for Solo Violin, Op. 33 to Alma Moodie in 1924.
Igor Stravinsky arranged a suite of excerpts fromPulcinella for violin and piano, calling it "Suite from themes, fragments and pieces by Pergolesi". Alma Moodie premiered it with the composer in Frankfurt on 25 November 1925, and they played it on a number of other public occasions.[6] They also played it at Werner Reinhart's home in Winterthur. Stravinsky described her as "excellent".[34] He may also have intended a pair of arrangements fromThe Firebird with Moodie in mind.[35]
Arthur Nikisch wrote of her toCarl Flesch from Leipzig in December 1925: "For me, this girl is a phenomenon artistically so delightful that I regard it as my natural duty to promote the interests of this blessed creature as much as I am able".Leopold Auer also heard her and held her in very high regard.[6]
Alma Moodie was considered one of the most important interpreters ofBrahms's works for violin.[18]Hermann Reutter quotes her as saying "One must be at least forty to understand the greatness and depth of expression in Brahms' music."[36] Reutter participated in many concerts with Alma Moodie, and dedicated hisRhapsodie for violin and piano, Op. 51 (1939), to her.[37]
On 18 December 1927, she married Alexander Balthasar Alfred Spengler,[38] a German lawyer, becoming the third of his six wives, and they had two children. They initially lived inCologne. He was indifferent to her career, and she was tired from incessant travelling, so she performed less often after that.[6] She taught violin at theHoch Conservatory inFrankfurt, where she continued Carl Flesch's teaching tradition.[6] Her students includedGünter Kehr, Maria Thomán (daughter ofIstván Thomán),Leah Luboschutz,May Harrison,Irma Seyde andThelma Given.[39]
Spengler was often travelling abroad; when he was home, he was demanding and unfaithful. Alma took to drinking and smoking, and found that she needed sleeping pills; later, her bow arm started to tremble uncontrollably, leading to more drinking and more sleeping pills.
Alma Moodie died on 7 March 1943, aged 44, during an air raid on Frankfurt,[1][6][40] although the bombs were not the cause of her death. A doctor reported that she died accidentally of athrombosis brought on by the mixture of alcohol and pills she had taken, but a number of her close friends believed her death to be suicide.[6][22] Her obituary by the critic Karl Holl concluded: "Her violin playing has been silenced. But it leaves behind a ring of rare purity. Her name will always remain as that of a feminine personality in the history of music".[6]
In addition to the performances mentioned above, Alma Moodie's appearances included:
In 1943,Karl Höller wrote his Violin Sonata No. 2 in G minor, Op. 33 in memory of Alma Moodie.[44]
Australian composer David Osborne wrote a violin concerto titledPictures of Alma, which was premiered on 30 May 2010 by Rochelle Bryson and the Raga Dolls Salon Orchestra, at the Iwaki Auditorium, ABC Southbank Centre,Melbourne.[45]
Osborne explained in a pre-performance interview broadcast onABC Classic FM that the work sought to depict Alma Moodie in music at various stages of her life. He named itPictures of Alma as he understood there were no surviving pictures of her, but since learned there are some.[citation needed]
alma moodie 1900.
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