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Allylescaline

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Psychedelic drug
Pharmaceutical compound
Allylescaline
Clinical data
Other namesAL; Allylmescaline; 4-Allyloxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine; 3,5-Dimethoxy-4-allyloxyphenethylamine
Routes of
administration
Oral[1]
Drug classSerotonin5-HT2 receptoragonist;Serotonin5-HT2A receptoragonist;Serotonergic psychedelic;Hallucinogen
ATC code
  • None
Pharmacokinetic data
Onset of action10–50 minutes[1]
Duration of action8–12 hours[1]
Identifiers
  • {3,5-dimethoxy-4-[(prop-2-en-1-yl)oxy]phenyl}ethan-1-amine
CAS Number
PubChemCID
ChemSpider
UNII
ChEMBL
CompTox Dashboard(EPA)
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC13H19NO3
Molar mass237.299 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
  • COc1cc(cc(OC)c1OCC=C)CCN
  • InChI=1S/C13H19NO3/c1-4-7-17-13-11(15-2)8-10(5-6-14)9-12(13)16-3/h4,8-9H,1,5-7,14H2,2-3H3 ☒N
  • Key:JNUAYHHGCXYBHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N ☒N
  (verify)

Allylescaline (AL), orallylmescaline, also known as4-allyloxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine, is apsychedelic drug of thephenethylamine andscaline families related tomescaline.[1] It is takenorally.[1]

The drug acts as anagonist of theserotonin5-HT2 receptors, including the serotonin5-HT2A receptor.[2][3] It is closelyrelated to other scalines including mescaline,escaline, andproscaline, among others.[1][4]

Allylescaline was first described in thescientific literature by Otakar Leminger in 1972.[5] Subsequently, it was further described byAlexander Shulgin in his 1991 bookPiHKAL (Phenethylamines I Have Known and Loved).[1] It was encountered as a noveldesigner drug in 2013.[6][7]

Use and effects

[edit]

According toAlexander Shulgin in his bookPiHKAL (Phenethylamines I Have Known and Loved) and other publications, the dose range of allylescaline is 20 to 35 mg and itsduration is 8 to 12 hours.[1][8][9] Itsonset ranged from 10 minutes to 50 minutes, with peak effects occurring at around 1 to 1.25 hours.[1] The drug has been described as having a very gradual onset, an unusually long plateau of effects, a very gradual descent, and some effects persisting past 12 hours or even into the middle of the next day.[1][5] Allylescaline is about 10 times aspotent as mescaline, which has a listed dose range of 200 to 400 mg.[1][8][9] It was the most potentscaline (mescaline analogue) of all those described.[1][8][9]

The effects of allylescaline have been reported to includeperceptual changes, warmer and enhanced colors, objects looking different or more "plastic", colorfulhallucinations in the dark, surroundings being much more interesting than usual, no sharpening of the senses includingvisual,auditory, orolfactory, pleasantly and abundantly increasedenergy,creative and free-flowing thoughts, clearheadedness, unusual ease offree association, everything feelingfunny andlaughter, feelings of innerexcitement andenjoyment,desire to move, simultaneouspositive andnegative feelings, working through and being freed ofdepression, feelings ofdissociation and being disconnected from one's thoughts, whollysocial and no requirement ofwithdrawal,religious feelings and connection, slightvertigo, lightdrunkenness,restless sleep and unusual and difficultdreams duringsleep, and next-dayhangover such aslethargy.[1][5]

Interactions

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See also:Psychedelic drug § Interactions, andTrip killer § Serotonergic psychedelic antidotes

Pharmacology

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Pharmacodynamics

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Allylescaline acts as apotentagonist of theserotonin5-HT2 receptors, including the serotonin5-HT2A,5-HT2B, and5-HT2C receptors.[2][3] It also possesses other activities, such as weak interactions withdopamineD2-like receptors.[2] A 2021 study evaluated thepharmacodynamics of many scalines, but did not include allylescaline.[4] However, a subsequent 2025 study comprehensively assessed and reported the drug's pharmacodynamics.[2]

Chemistry

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Synthesis

[edit]

Thechemical synthesis of allylescaline has been described.[1]

Analogues

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Analogues of allylescaline includemescaline,escaline,proscaline,methallylescaline,cyclopropylmescaline, and3C-AL, among others.[1][4]

History

[edit]

Allylescaline was firstsynthesized and studied by Otakar Leminger in 1972.[5] The drug was later synthesized byAlexander Shulgin and further described in his 1991 bookPiHKAL (Phenethylamines I Have Known and Loved).[1] It was encountered as a noveldesigner drug inEurope in 2013.[6][7]

Society and culture

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Legal status

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Sweden

[edit]

Allylescaline is illegal in Sweden as of January 2016.[10]

United States

[edit]

Allylescaline is not directly scheduled under theControlled Substances Act. However, due to its structural similarities withmescaline, it could potentially be prosecuted under theFederal Analogue Act if sold for human consumption.[citation needed]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^abcdefghijklmnopAL Entry inPiHKAL
  2. ^abcdJain MK, Gumpper RH, Slocum ST, Schmitz GP, Madsen JS, Tummino TA, Suomivuori CM, Huang XP, Shub L, DiBerto JF, Kim K, DeLeon C, Krumm BE, Fay JF, Keiser M, Hauser AS, Dror RO, Shoichet B, Gloriam DE, Nichols DE, Roth BL (July 2025)."The polypharmacology of psychedelics reveals multiple targets for potential therapeutics"(PDF).Neuron.113 (19): 3129–3142.e9.doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2025.06.012.PMID 40683247.
  3. ^abÅstrand A, Guerrieri D, Vikingsson S, Kronstrand R, Green H (December 2020). "In vitro characterization of new psychoactive substances at the μ-opioid, CB1, 5HT1A, and 5-HT2A receptors-On-target receptor potency and efficacy, and off-target effects".Forensic Sci Int.317 110553.doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2020.110553.PMID 33160102.
  4. ^abcKolaczynska KE, Luethi D, Trachsel D, Hoener MC, Liechti ME (2021)."Receptor Interaction Profiles of 4-Alkoxy-3,5-Dimethoxy-Phenethylamines (Mescaline Derivatives) and Related Amphetamines".Front Pharmacol.12 794254.doi:10.3389/fphar.2021.794254.PMC 8865417.PMID 35222010.
  5. ^abcdLeminger, Otakar (1972)."The Chemistry of Alkoxylated Phenethylamines – Part 2".Chemický Průmysl.22: 553.
  6. ^abKing LA (2014). "New phenethylamines in Europe".Drug Test Anal.6 (7–8):808–818.doi:10.1002/dta.1570.PMID 24574327.
  7. ^ab"EMCDDA–Europol 2013 Annual Report on the implementation of Council Decision 2005/387/JHA".www.euda.europa.eu. 2 July 2024. Retrieved16 October 2025.
  8. ^abcJacob P, Shulgin AT (1994)."Structure-activity relationships of the classic hallucinogens and their analogs".NIDA Res Monogr.146:74–91.PMID 8742795.
  9. ^abcShulgin AT (2003)."Basic Pharmacology and Effects". In Laing RR (ed.).Hallucinogens: A Forensic Drug Handbook. Forensic Drug Handbook Series. Elsevier Science. pp. 67–137.ISBN 978-0-12-433951-4.
  10. ^"31 nya ämnen kan klassas som narkotika eller hälsofarlig vara" (in Swedish). Folkhälsomyndigheten. November 2015.

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