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Acrocodile clip oralligator clip[1] is a plier-like spring-tensioned metal clip with elongated, serrated jaws that is used for creating a temporaryelectrical connection. This simple mechanical device gets its name from the resemblance of its jaws to those of acrocodile oralligator. It is used to clamp and grab onto a bare wire or alead on abattery or some other electrical component. The clip's tapered, serrated jaws are forced together by a spring to grip an object. AKelvin clip is a special form of crocodile clip whose jaws are insulated from each other, allowing two isolated wires to connect to a single test point. This enables4-wire measurement of circuits with very low resistances. When manufactured for electronics testing and evaluation, one jaw of the clip is typically permanently crimped or soldered to a wire, or is bent to form the inner tubular contact of a ~4 mm (0.16 in) femalebanana jack, enabling quick non-permanent connection between a circuit under test and laboratory equipment or to anotherelectrical circuit. The clip is typically covered by a plastic shroud or "boot" to prevent accidental short-circuits.
Small versions, ranging in size from 15–40 mm (0.59–1.57 in) in length, are used in electricallaboratory work.
Large versions of these clips, calledautomotive clips orbattery clamps, are made of solidcopper for lowelectrical resistance, and are used with thick insulated copper cables to make connections between automobile batteries. Thesejumper cables (a.k.a. 'jump leads') are capable of delivering hundreds of amperes of current needed to directly power an automobile starter motor, or to transfer energy from a chargedlead–acid battery to a discharged one.
The alligator clip was first introduced to the founder of the Mueller Electric Company,[2] the primary producer of crocodile clips, by John H. Williams in 1906. It was introduced as a wire with alightbulb in the middle, with a clip on either end of the wire. The clip was intended for use by electricians, and would allow them to easily tap into a live wire to power a portable light. The clip was mostly covered by rubber tubing asinsulation.
Several metal clip designs working on the same principle were patented in the early 20th century. A type of a crocodile clip cutting through the wire insulation was patented by Harry Frankel from New York in 1903,[3] and another design was developed byWestinghouse Electric Corporation engineer[4] George Brown Dusinberre, who patented it in 1909,[5] and later was hired by Ralph S. Mueller & Co.[6] to refine the design, with a later version patented in 1921.[7]
Dusinberre's redesign was significantly cheaper than Williams' initial design. While Mueller approved of the design, Williams was strongly opposed to any changes to the original design. While Dusinberre offered to write Mueller as the co-inventor for his improved design while filing the patent, Mueller declined as he believed it was not his idea.[8]
The first models produced by Muller and Dusinberre's partnership, R.S. Mueller & Company, were steel coated with zinc. This combination of metals was easily soiled, so zinc was swapped out for nickel plating.[2] The success of the crocodile clips is largely credited to Charles Kettering's invention of theelectric self-starter for motor vehicles. As automobile manufacturers began using this technology initially intended forCadillacs, a need was produced for something that could connect batteries in storage to a charger.[2] Mueller produced a larger version, forautomobiles, of the crocodile clips referred to commonly asjumper cables and a smaller version formotorcycles.[8]
Dusinberre eventually lost interest in the company and allowed Mueller to buy out his shares for $52,300. The company was renamed Mueller Electric.[8]
The United States Defense Logistics Agency specifies several types of electrical clips in Commercial Item Description (CID) A-A-59466. In this CID document, crocodile clips are designated type CC, alligator clips are designated types TCx, and other types of electrical clips have various other, unique designations.[9]
