Alfred Brehm | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | Alfred Edmund Brehm (1829-02-02)2 February 1829 |
| Died | 11 November 1884(1884-11-11) (aged 55) Renthendorf,German Empire |
| Education | University of Jena |
| Occupation(s) | Zoologist, writer |
| Known for | Brehm's Life of Animals |
| Spouse | Mathilde Reiz |
| Children | Five |
| Father | Christian Ludwig Brehm |
| Awards | German Academy of Natural Scientists Leopoldina |
| Scientific career | |
| Institutions | Zoological Garden of Hamburg |
| Author abbrev. (zoology) | A.E. Brehm |
Alfred Edmund Brehm (German pronunciation:[ˈalfʁeːtˈʔɛtmʊntˈbʁeːm]; 2 February 1829 – 11 November 1884) was a Germanzoologist and writer. His multi-volume bookBrehms Tierleben, which he co-authored withEduard Pechuël-Loesche,Wilhelm Haacke, andRichard Schmidtlein, became a household word for popular zoological literature. He was the first director of theZoological Garden of Hamburg.
Brehm grew up in the smallThuringian village of Unterrenthendorf as the son of the pastorChristian Ludwig Brehm, and of his second wife Bertha née Reiz. Christian Ludwig Brehm made a name for himself as anornithologist by publications and through an extensive collection of stuffed birds. The collection, held in the parsonage and consisting of over 9,000 dead birds, offered a glimpse into the world of European birds. As a boy he helped expand his father by collecting specimens and became an excellent marksman. His father's research gave the younger Brehm an interest inzoology, but at first he wanted to become an architect. In the spring of 1844 he began to study with a builder inAltenburg. He continued his studies there until September 1846, when he left forDresden in order to study architecture; however, he stopped after two semesters because BaronJohann Wilhelm von Müller, a well-known ornithologist, was looking for a companion for an African expedition. Brehm joined the expedition on 31 May 1847 as a secretary and as a collecting assistant to von Müller. The expedition took him toEgypt, theSudan, and theSinai Peninsula; the discoveries made were so important that, at age 20, Brehm was made a member of theGerman Academy of Natural Scientists Leopoldina.[1]
After his return, in 1853 he started to study natural sciences at theUniversity of Jena. Like his brother Reinhold, he became active with thestudent corps SaxoniaJena; because of his expedition to North Africa, he received the nickname Pharaoh from his corps brothers. He graduated after four semesters in 1855 and in 1856 went on a two-year journey toSpain with his brother Reinhold. Afterwards he settled down inLeipzig as a freelance writer and wrote many essays in the service of science popularization forDie Gartenlaube and other magazines. Soon, Brehm became one of Germany's most popular naturalists and science writers, focusing on zoological themes.[2]
Apart from this, he undertook an expedition toNorway andLapland in 1860.
In May 1861 Brehm married his cousin Mathilde Reiz, with whom he had five children. Since he wanted to travel, in 1862 he accepted the invitation ofDuke Ernst II of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha to accompany him on a trip toAbyssinia. On this trip Brehm met the artistRobert Kretschmer who would assist him in his later books. Afterwards, Brehm travelled to Africa as well as toScandinavia andSiberia. His essays and expedition reports from the animal world were well received by the educated bourgeoisie; because of this, he was commissioned by the editor of theBibliographisches Institut,Herrmann Julius Meyer, to write a large multivolume work on the animal world.[3] This book became known worldwide asBrehms Tierleben[4] (or, in English,Brehm's Life of Animals). Although Brehm'sethology is no longer seen as correct in all details, the title of his work is still a catchphrase.
Brehm's life was full with writing, scientific expeditions and lecture tours. Despite this, in 1862, he accepted the post of first director of theZoological Garden of Hamburg and kept this position until 1867. Afterwards he went toBerlin, where he opened anaquarium. He remained with the aquarium until 1874. In 1876 he travelled to Siberia withOtto Finsch. In the winter of 1883 to 1884 Brehm planned a lecture tour to the US. Shortly before his departure, his four children contracteddiphtheria. Since he could not afford to break his contract, Brehm, a widower since 1878, went ahead with his tour. At the end of January he received word of his youngest son's death. After the hardship of this news Brehm relapsed intomalaria, which he had caught in Africa in his expedition days. On 11 May 1884, he came back to Berlin. In order to find peace, he returned in July to his home town of Renthendorf, where he died on 11 November 1884. Today, the Brehm Memorial Museum is located there.
