Alexander Spendiarov | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | Alexander Spendiaryan November 1, 1871 Kakhovka,Taurida Governorate,  Russian Empire |
| Died | May 7, 1928(1928-05-07) (aged 56) Yerevan,Transcaucasian SFSR,  Soviet Union |
| Era | 20th century |
| Works | Yerevan etudes, Almast opera |
Alexander Afanasyevich Spendiarov (Armenian:Ալեքսանդր Ստեփանոսի Սպենդիարյան, November 1, 1871,Kakhovka,Russian Empire – May 7, 1928,Yerevan, Armenia) was a Russian composer and conductor of Armenian descent, founder of Armenian national symphonic music.
Alexander Spendiarov was born on 1 November (as 20 October) 1871 in Kakhovka, province of Tavrik (modern Ukraine). His artistic abilities were formed in early childhood. He inherited his musical abilities from his mother who played piano. When Alexander Spendiarov was seven he wrote awaltz. In 1890 he went to Moscow and studied for one year in the Natural Sciences faculty ofMoscow University, and then in 1894 he graduated from the Law faculty.[1] At the same time he continued his violin classes. In 1896 Alexander Spendiarov went toSt. Petersburg to show his compositions toNikolai Rimsky-Korsakov, who greatly admired his music and encouraged him to turn deeper into his people's folklore. From 1896 to 1900 he took private composition lessons with Rimsky-Korsakov. According toAlexander Glazunov, "Rimsky-Korsakov was perfectly satisfied with the results of Alexander Spendiarov's work and considered him a serious, talented composer with a great flair for composition".[2]
Spendiarov was awarded the Glinka prize three times for his three works: the symphonic picture "Three Palms" in 1908, the legend "Preacher Beda" in 1910 and the melody declamation "We’ll Have a Rest" in 1912. His symphonic pieces, songs and romances, choral works, and musico-declamatory pieces earned him high marks among audiences and professional musicians. Spendiarov led concerts inKharkov,Odessa,Moscow,Petersburg,Doni-Rostov and New Nakhijevan. He spent much of his time inYalta andSudak. While he was living in Crimea, Spendiarov metAnton Chekhov,Maxim Gorky andFyodor Shalyapin.Alexander Glazunov was also a guest at his house.
In 1910 Spendiarov became a member of Yalta's Russian Musical Company.
The symphonic poem "Three Palms" occupies a special place among Spendiarov's symphonic compositions. With its poetic tone, picturesque nature, and bright coloring, it resembles the oriental program works of theMighty Handful.[3] Spendiaryan toured abroad performing this piece in Berlin, Copenhagen, New York, and elsewhere.
Other works by Spendiarov include "Concert Prelude", "Concert Waltz", and "Etude of Jewish Themes", Cantabile and Prelude for string quartet, Baracarolle, Minuet, Scherzo, romances and vocal instrumental works. "Oh Rose" (Aye Vart) was a very famous classical piece in Russia and the former USSR.
In 1916 Spendiarov performed in Tiflis, where he met poetHovhannes Tumanian and decided to write an opera based on "The Capture of Tmkabert" poem. In 1916 the libretto ofAlmast opera was ready, and Spendiarov began work on the opera, and finished the opera's vocal score in 1923. He continued his work on the instrumentation right up to his death. The instrumentation of the fourth act of "Almast" was completed by composerMaximilian Steinberg.[4]
On 10 December 1924 Spendiarov, newly arrived inYerevan fromRussia, conducted an 18-member orchestra consisting of conservatory professors and students.[5] This inaugural concert proved thatArmenia had the potential to sustain a symphony orchestra. The following year, on 20 March 1925, ProfessorArshak Adamian, Rector of theYerevan Conservatory, led the first concert of the then newly founded symphony orchestra. At the time, Spendiarov accurately predicted, "There will come a time, when our yet modest student orchestra will proudly bear the honorary title of the Armenian State Orchestra."[6]
The "Yerevan Sketches (Etudes)" (1925) comprise some of the best work of Spendiarov's last years. The sketches are proceeded by numerous notations of folk themes, and experiments in their arrangement and harmonization. In the sketches, Spendiarov introduced thedhol and thedayira, two Armenian musical instruments.
In 1926 the Soviet Armenian government awarded Spendiarov the title of People's Artist on the occasion of the 25th anniversary of his achievements in musical and public life.
Spendiarov died after a short illness in Yerevan in 1928. He is buried in the yard of Yerevan State Opera and ballet Theatre. A death mask of his face and right hand is exhibited in his House Museum. "What he gave us is immortal", said poetAvetik Isahakyan about Spendiarov.
ComposerAram Khatchaturian said of his predecessor, "I am profoundly convinced that Spendiarov andKomitas are the patriarchs of Armenian classical music; they have charted the principal trends in the evolution of Armenian musical art for many decades to come." Spendiarov andAram Khatchaturian met for the first time in Moscow. Spendiarov appreciated the potential in the young composer.
Spendiarov had a brother, Leonid, an accomplished geologist, and three sisters. When Leonid died, Spendiarov married the widow to prevent his brother's son from growing up fatherless. Her name was Varvara Mazirova; she was a relative toHovhannes Aivazovsky. They had 6 children - 4 daughters and 2 sons.
In 1967, the Alexander Spendiarov House Museum was established in the house where the composer lived during the last years of his life (the second floor apartment at 21 Nalbandyan Street, Yerevan). The Soviet Armenian government had given him a room in the communal apartment in 1926. Spendiarov used to enjoy the view of Mount Ararat from the small balcony. The museum has recreated the genuine atmosphere of the composer's study and presents the composer's personal belongings, numerous documents and other belongings. Spendiarov's portrait byMartiros Saryan painted in 1967, a poster announcing the opera, `Almast,' as the first performance to open the Opera building in Yerevan (1933), two of his violins and a piano are displayed in the apartment.
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
| Artists | |
| People | |
| Other | |
