Alexander Bogen אלכסנדר בוגן | |
|---|---|
 Alexander Bogen | |
| Born | Alexander Katzenbogen 24 January 1916 |
| Died | 20 October 2010(2010-10-20) (aged 94) Tel Aviv, Israel |
| Education | Wilno University Academie des Beaux Arts |
| Known for | Painting, Sculpture, Book Illustration and for being apartisan through theHolocaust |
| Notable work | Apocalipse |
| Movement | Social realism,lyrical abstraction,abstract expressionism,tachisme[1] |
Alexander Bogen (Hebrew:אלכסנדר בוגן; born 24 January 1916 – 20 October 2010) was aPolish-Israeli visual artist, a decorated leader of partisans during World War II, a key player in 20th centuryYiddish culture, and one of the trailblazers for art education and Artists' associations in the emerging state of Israel.
Alexander Bogen was born inTartu,Estonia[2] and brought up inWilno. As a young boy he adhered to the values of theYiddish culture ofYung Vilne, as well as to the modern Polish culture. After completing his studies at the gymnasium, he was accepted to theStefan Batory art academy affiliated with theWilno University, where he studied painting and sculpture. His parents were physicians. His father came from a secular family and his mother was the daughter of Rabbi Tuvia Lobitzki, the rabbi ofWołkowysk, Poland. His studies were interrupted by World War II.[3] Bogen joined the partisans and became a commander of theJewish partisan unit in theNarocz Forests.[4] He buried many of the drawings he made at this time nearLake Narocz.[5][6] He returned to the ghetto in September 1943 and helped to facilitate the rescue of members of theUnited Partisan Organization (FPO), a Jewish underground movement active in the ghetto and led by poetAbba Kovner, Bogen's school friend.[7][8][9]
When theVilna Ghetto was about to be destroyed, Bogen and hispartisans tried to rescue some key people, one of whom wasAbraham Sutzkever. With the help of the soviet partisans, they managed to finally smuggle him into Moscow along with some of Bogen's drawings, which were eventually exhibited in Moscow[10][11][12]
According to the Russian State Archive of Literature and Art (RGALI), he was head of the Department of Arts of the Lithuanian SSR from 5 September 1944 to February 1945.[13]
After the war Bogen returned to his studies, finished his academic degree and was mastered as an artist of monumental painting at the USB Academy of Art in Vilna. In 1947, he taught as a professor at TheAcademy of Fine Arts In Łódź and became a well-known artist, set designer and book illustrator.[14]
Alongside his recognition as a Polish Artist and war hero, receiving several accolades and awards as well as a large retrospective exhibition (Łódź State Museum, 1950) – Bogen was also very active in the resuscitation of the cultural life of the Jewish Community in post war Poland.[15][16]
In 1951, Bogen and his wifeimmigrated toIsrael and settled inTel Aviv.[17]
During his time in Israel, Bogen continued his cultural and educational activities in the arts. In 1957 he initiated the art program inWIZO France – Ironi Yud-Dalet high school in Tel Aviv and lead it for 22 years. Bogen completed his academic studies of art at theEcole des Beaux Arts in Paris and was an art lecturer in theHebrew University inJerusalem. Bogen continued painting, drawing and sculpting until his death at the age of 94 in Tel Aviv on 20 October 2010.
In July 2018,Mayor Ron Huldai, on behalf of the city ofTel Aviv, has inaugurated a Memorial plaque in Bogen's honor on the house where he lived and worked.[18]
Bogen continued to draw during the war, documenting what he saw:[19][20][21]
We saw abandoned children. We saw people being led to the slaughter.
I did not lay down my pencil for a moment.
An artist condemned to death portraying people condemned to extermination...
I sketched the forest, my brothers-in-arms, the battle itself. There was no table. There were no paints. There was no paper.
I found packing paper. I made ink from blueberries, fixer out of pulverized milk and burnt dry branches for charcoal for my sketches.
I asked myself why I was drawing, when I was fighting day and night…
This was something similar to biological continuation. Every man, every people, is interested in continuing his people, his family,
in bringing children into the world for the future – in leaving this one thing.
Another motivation was to get information to the so-called free world,
but mostly Being creative during the Holocaust was also a show of protest -
people facing brutal danger, facing death, react in their own different way.
the artist's reaction is artistic. This is his weapon.
An exhibition of Bogen's work was held at theHecht Museum inHaifa. His drawings, especially those that survived from his partisan days, offer a gallery of characters and document the history of a people fighting for its life during the Holocaust. Among the drawings on show were illustrations for poems by twoYiddish poets:Gebirtig andAbraham Sutzkever.[22][23]
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