Alessandro Stradella | |
|---|---|
 Imaginary portrait of Stradella created in the latter half of the 19th century | |
| Born | Antonio Alessandro Boncompagno Stradella (1643-07-03)3 July 1643 |
| Died | 25 February 1682(1682-02-25) (aged 38) Genoa, Papal States |
| Occupation | Composer |
Antonio Alessandro Boncompagno Stradella (Bologna, 3 July 1643 –Genoa, 25 February 1682) was an Italiancomposer of the middleBaroque period.[1] He enjoyed a dazzling career as afreelance composer, writing on commission, and collaborating with distinguished poets, producing over three hundred works in a variety of genres.[2]
Stradella was born inBologna on 3 July 1643 to the aristocrats Marc'Antonio Stradella (1579-1649) fromNepi (in the province of Viterbo), and his second wife, Vittoria Bartoli fromOrvieto, and baptised Antonio Alessandro Boncompagno Stradella on 1 August 1643 in Bologna. His godfather in proxy wasDuke Ugo Boncompagni [it], who had appointed his father vice-marquis ofVignola on 7 June 1642. Although the family resided in Nepi, they were temporarily in Bologna, taking refuge frompapal troops attacking Vignola.[3]
He was educated atRome, and was already making a name for himself as a composer at the age of 24.[4] In 1667 he composed a Latin oratorio (lost) for the Confraternity of Crocifisso di San Marcello and in the following year the serenataLa Circe for the Princess of Rossano Olimpia Aldobrandini Pamphilj. In 1671–72 he collaborated in staging some operas, two byFrancesco Cavalli and two byAntonio Cesti, at the Tordinona Theater, composing prologues, intermedios and new arias. In the early 1670s, he also composed some operas performed in private theatres of aristocratic families.
Stradella began to live a dissolute life. WithCarlo Ambrogio Lonati he attempted to embezzle money from theRoman Catholic Church, but was found out: he fled the city, only returning much later when he thought it was safe. His numerous incautious affairs with women began to make him enemies among the powerful men of the city, and he had to leave Rome for good.[5]
In 1677 he went toVenice, where he was hired by a powerful nobleman, Alvise Contarini, as the music tutor to his mistress, Agnese Van Uffele. She and Stradella began an affair[citation needed] and fled Venice together forTurin, where they were protected byMarie Jeanne Baptiste of Savoy-Nemours, the regent of Savoy.[6] Contarini followed and instructed the Archbishop that Uffele and Stradella must marry or that Uffele must take the veil. She did the latter, and then the two married in October; however, as Stradella left the convent after signing the contract, he was attacked from behind on 10 October by two would-be-hired assassins, who believed him dead when they left him in the street.[7] He survived and the two assassins took asylum with the French ambassador. That Contarini had hired the attackers became known, leading to complaints from the regent of Savoy toLouis XIV; the matter became a topic of negotiation between the courts. In 1678 Stradella fled toGenoa, where he met again with Lonati. He was paid to compose operas performed at Falcone Theatre and music for the local nobility.[2]
In 1682 he was stabbed to death at the Piazza Banchi. A nobleman of the Lomellini family hired the killer which put an end to Stradella's life, although the identity of the killer was never discovered.[8] Another report of his murderers states: "Stradella was murdered at Genoa by three brothers of the name of Lomellini, whose sister he had seduced".[9] Stradella was buried in theSanta Maria delle Vigne.[5]
Stradella was an extremely influential composer at the time, though his fame was eclipsed in the next century byCorelli,Vivaldi and others. Some of his music was exploited byGeorge Frideric Handel, for example inIsrael in Egypt. Probably his greatest significance is in originating theconcerto grosso: while Corelli in his Op. 6 was the first to publish works under this title, Stradella clearly uses the format earlier in one of hisSonate di viole. Since the two knew each other, a direct influence is likely.[7]
Stradella wrote at least sixbaroque operas[10] including a full-length comic operaIl Trespolo tutore. He also wrote more than 170cantatas, at least one of which was based on a poem bySebastiano Baldini, and six oratorios. Stradella composed 27 separate instrumental pieces, most for strings and basso continuo, and typically in thesonata da chiesa format.[7]
He wrote two cantatas for the regent of Savoy,Se del pianeta ardente andSciogliete i dolci nodi.[6]
His colourful life and his bloody death ordered by the powerful Lomellini family provided the basis for biographical operas such asIl cantore di Venezia byVirginio Marchi (1835),Stradella byLouis Niedermeyer (Paris, 1837),Stradella byCésar Franck (1841, unfinished),Alessandro Stradella byFriedrich von Flotow (Hamburg, 1844),Alessandro Stradella byAdolf Schimon (1846),Stradella il trovatore byVincenzo Moscuzza (1850),Alessandro Stradella byGiuseppe Sinico (1864)[11] andTi vedo, ti sento, mi perdo bySalvatore Sciarrino (Teatro alla Scala, 2017).
American novelistF. Marion Crawford also produced a highly romanticized novel of Stradella's affair and flight from Venice, titledStradella (Macmillan 1909).
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