Golovin began his professional career atCSKA Moscow in 2014, where he played in fourRussian Premier League seasons, winning the league title in his second season, before moving toMonaco in 2018, for a club record fee of €30 million, becoming the first Russian to play for the club.
Golovin was born to a mining family in the small mining town ofKaltan inSouthern Siberia, Russia. His father was friends with Aleksandr Plyasunov, a coach at the local youth sports school. When Golovin was six years old, he started playing football under Plyasunov, before moving on to the school ofFC Novokuznetsk (then called Metallurg-Zapsib) and the Olympic reserve school inLeninsk-Kuznetsky. After playing for Metallurg, he was invited to play for the squad of the Siberian team. It was during this time that Golovin attracted the attention of scouts and was invited to play forPFC CSKA Moscow.[2][3]
Golovin debuted playing forPFC CSKA Moscow on 24 September 2014 againstFC Khimik Dzerzhinsk in the 1/16 round of theRussian Cup. He made the starting lineup and was subbed out in the 88th minute of the game.[4]
On 27 July 2018, Golovin signed a five-year contract withAS Monaco for an undisclosed, but record-transfer fee, from CSKA Moscow.[10][11] Golovin made his competitive debut for Monaco in a 1–1Ligue 1 home draw againstNîmes on 21 September 2018, coming on as a substitute during the 72nd minute.[12] He made his first start in Ligue 1 on 25 September, in a 0–1 home defeat againstAngers. He scored his first Ligue 1 goal on 2 February 2019, in a 2–1 home win overToulouse.
On 24 September 2019, Golovin scored two goals and provided anassist forWissam Ben Yedder in Monaco's 3–1 Ligue 1 home win overNice.[13] On 6 January 2021, in an away match againstLorient and with the score at 1–1, Golovin, who had just recovered from an injury, was brought on as a substitute and scored after less than a minute.[14] Two weeks later, as a substitute once again, he delivered two assists, each from a corner kick, to help his team come from behind and defeatMarseille.[15]
On 7 February 2021, Golovin scored his firsthat-trick for Monaco in a 4–3 away victory againstNîmes. In doing so, he became the first player from Russia to record a hat-trick in Ligue 1.[16]
On 28 December 2022, Golovin gave an assist in a 3–2 away victory againstAuxerre.[17] On 11 February 2023, he scored the first goal in a 3–1 home win againstParis Saint-Germain, his fifth goal of the season so far.[18] On 19 February 2023, he scored his sixth goal of the season againstStade Brestois.[19] On 4 October 2024, he extended his contract with the club until 2029.[20]
On 11 May 2018, he was included in Russia's extended2018 FIFA World Cup squad.[21] On 3 June 2018, he was included in the finalized World Cup squad.[22] On 14 June 2018, he played a crucial role in Russia's 5–0 victory overSaudi Arabia making two assists and scoring the final goal, a free-kick in the opening match of the2018 World Cup.[23]
On 11 May 2021, he was included in the preliminary extended 30-man squad forUEFA Euro 2020.[24] On 2 June 2021, he was included in the final squad.[25] He played every minute in all 3 of Russia's group stage games as Russia was eliminated after losing toBelgium andDenmark and beatingFinland.[26][27][28]
On 7 September 2025, he scored the first goal of a 4-1 victory againstQatar in a friendly match.[29]