Drug that causes an adverse reaction to alcohol
Adisulfiram-like drug is a drug that causes an adverse reaction toalcohol leading tonausea ,vomiting ,flushing ,dizziness , throbbingheadache ,chest andabdominal discomfort , and generalhangover -likesymptoms among others.[ 1] [ 2] acetaldehyde , a major but toxicmetabolite of alcohol formed by theenzyme alcohol dehydrogenase .[ 1] [ 2] disulfiram-like reaction alcohol intolerance , andacetaldehyde syndrome .[ 3]
Theprototypical drug of this group isdisulfiram (brand name Antabuse), which acts as anacetaldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor , preventing the metabolism of acetaldehyde intoacetic acid , and is used in the treatment ofalcoholism .[ 1] [ 2] drug interactions andside effects .[ 1] [ 2] enzyme , and instead act via other, poorly elucidatedmechanisms .
Unlike acetaldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitors and other disulfiram-like drugs,alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitors such asfomepizole (brand name Antizol) inhibit themetabolism of alcohol into acetaldehyde, thereby increasing and extending the effects of alcohol and reducing its toxicity.[ 4] [ 4] antidote againstmethanol andethylene glycol poisoning .[ 4]
Drugs which cause disulfiram-like reactions upon ingestion of alcohol as an intended effect include:[ 5]
Drugs which cause disulfiram-like reactions upon ingestion of alcohol as an unintended effect include:[ 6] [ 1] [ 7]
Abacavir Cephalosporins , butonly these with a methylthiotetrazole side chain or a methylthiodioxotriazine ring; thought to be due to commonN -methylthiotetrazolemetabolite , which is similar in structure to disulfiram.[ 8] cefamandole ,cefmenoxime ,cefmetazole ,cefonicid ,cefoperazone ,cefotetan ,ceftriaxone , andlatamoxef (moxalactam) .[ 9] [ 10] Chloral hydrate Chloramphenicol Ethacrynic acid Griseofulvin (weak evidence)[ 8] Hydrazines Ketoconazole (weak evidence)[ 8] Macrolide immunosuppressants such aspimecrolimus andtacrolimus Mepacrine (quinacrine) Nilutamide Nitrovasodilators (nitrates) such asnitroglycerin Nitroimidazoles such asbenznidazole ,metronidazole (disproven),[ 8] ornidazole .Pargyline Phenacetin Phentolamine Phenylbutazone Propranolol Sulfiram Sulfonamides : sulfamethoxazole likely safe[ 8] Sulfonylureas , specifically the first generation:[ 8] chlorpropamide ,glibenclamide (glyburide) , andtolbutamide Tolazoline A number of drugs do not cause disulfiram-like reactions, but have other unintended interactions with alcoholic drinks. For example, alcohol interferes with the efficacy oferythromycin . Patients onlinezolid andtedizolid may be sensitive to thetyramine present in tap beers and red wine.[ 8]
Antibiotics such asmetronidazole ,tinidazole ,cephamandole ,latamoxef ,cefoperazone ,cefmenoxime , andfurazolidone , cause adisulfiram -like chemical reaction with alcohol by inhibiting its breakdown byacetaldehyde dehydrogenase , which may result in vomiting, nausea, and shortness of breath.[ 11] erythromycin succinate may be reduced by alcohol consumption.[ 12] [ 13]
Natural compounds and species which have been found to cause disulfiram-like reactions upon ingestion of alcohol include:[ 14] [ 15]
List of agents previously thought to cause disulfiram-like reactions [ edit ] Dopaminergic neurotoxicity [ edit ] Aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitors may producedopaminergic neurotoxicity or augmentaging -related dopaminergicneurodegeneration by preventing thecatabolism of the toxicdopamine metabolite 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde (DOPAL).[ 19] [ 20]
^a b c d e John Marx; Ron Walls; Robert Hockberger (1 August 2013).Rosen's Emergency Medicine - Concepts and Clinical Practice E-Book ISBN 978-1-4557-4987-4 ^a b c d Fraser AG (1997). "Pharmacokinetic interactions between alcohol and other drugs".Clin Pharmacokinet .33 (2):79– 90.doi :10.2165/00003088-199733020-00001 .PMID 9260032 .S2CID 45547473 . ^ Mutalik, M., & Sanghavi, D. (2014).Review of Drug Interactions: A Comprehensive Update . ^a b c McMartin K, Jacobsen D, Hovda KE (2016)."Antidotes for poisoning by alcohols that form toxic metabolites" .Br J Clin Pharmacol .81 (3):505– 15.doi :10.1111/bcp.12824 .PMC 4767193 PMID 26551875 . ^ Helmut K. Seitz; B. Kommerell (6 December 2012).Alcohol Related Diseases in Gastroenterology ISBN 978-3-642-70048-4 ^ Amitava Dasgupta (17 October 2016).Alcohol, Drugs, Genes and the Clinical Laboratory: An Overview for Healthcare and Safety Professionals ISBN 978-0-12-809334-4 ^ Reginald Smart (22 November 2013).Research Advances in Alcohol and Drug Problems ISBN 978-1-4613-3626-6 ^a b c d e f g h i j k Mergenhagen, Kari A.; Wattengel, Bethany A.; Skelly, Megan K.; Clark, Collin M.; Russo, Thomas A. (21 February 2020)."Fact versus Fiction: a Review of the Evidence behind Alcohol and Antibiotic Interactions" .Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy .64 (3): e02167-19.doi :10.1128/aac.02167-19 .PMC 7038249 PMID 31871085 . ^ Kitson TM (1987). "The effect of cephalosporin antibiotics on alcohol metabolism: a review".Alcohol .4 (3):143– 8.doi :10.1016/0741-8329(87)90035-8 .PMID 3593530 . ^ Lewis R. Goldfrank (2006).Goldfrank's Toxicologic Emergencies ISBN 978-0-07-147914-1 ^ "Can I drink alcohol while taking antibiotics?" . NHS Direct (UK electronic health service).Archived from the original on 24 October 2010. Retrieved17 February 2008 .^ Stockley IH (2002).Stockley's Drug Interactions (6th ed.). London: Pharmaceutical Press. [page needed ^ "Antibiotics FAQ" . McGill University, Canada. Archived fromthe original on 16 February 2008. Retrieved17 February 2008 .^ Joseph F. Ammirati (1985).Poisonous Mushrooms of the Northern United States and Canada ISBN 978-0-8166-1407-3 ^ Barry H. Rumack ; David G. Spoerke (27 September 1994).Handbook of Mushroom Poisoning: Diagnosis and Treatment ISBN 978-0-8493-0194-0 ^ "Herbal Approaches to Alcohol Dependence: Evidence and Risks" .Pharmacy Times . 7 December 2016.^ Workowski, Kimberly A; Bachmann, Laura H; Chan, Philip A; Johnston, Christine M; Muzny, Christina A; Park, Ina; Reno, Hilary; Zenilman, Jonathan M; Bolan, Gail A (2021)."Sexually Transmitted Infections Treatment Guidelines, 2021" .MMWR. Recommendations and Reports .70 (4):1– 187.doi :10.15585/mmwr.rr7004a1 .PMC 8344968 PMID 34292926 . ^ Fjeld, Hilde; Raknes, Guttorm (16 September 2014)."Er det virkelig farlig å kombinere metronidazol og alkohol?" .Tidsskrift for den Norske Legeforening .134 (17):1661– 1663.doi :10.4045/tidsskr.14.0081 ISSN 0029-2001 .PMID 25223673 . Retrieved22 February 2022 . ^ Masato A, Plotegher N, Boassa D, Bubacco L (August 2019)."Impaired dopamine metabolism in Parkinson's disease pathogenesis" .Mol Neurodegener .14 (1) 35.doi :10.1186/s13024-019-0332-6 PMC 6728988 PMID 31488222 . ^ Doorn JA, Florang VR, Schamp JH, Vanle BC (January 2014)."Aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibition generates a reactive dopamine metabolite autotoxic to dopamine neurons" .Parkinsonism Relat Disord . 20 Suppl 1 (1):S73– S75.doi :10.1016/S1353-8020(13)70019-1 .PMC 3932615 PMID 24262193 .
Dopaminergic Noradrenergic Serotonergic 2′-NH2 -MPTP (2′-amino-MPTP) 2,4-DCA 2,4,5-THA 2,4,5-THMA 3-CA 3,4-DCA 4-CAB (α-ethyl-PCA) 4-CMA 4-HO-5-MeO-T 4,5-DHT 5-IAI 5-MAPB 5-MeO-DiPT 5,6-DHT 5,7-DHT 6,7-DHT αET ETAI Fenfluramine Haloperidol HHA (α-methyldopamine) HHMA (α-methylepinine, α,N -dimethyldopamine) HPP+ HPTP MBDB MDA (tenamfetamine) MDMA (midomafetamine) Mephedrone Methamphetamine Methylone Norfenfluramine PBA PBMA PCA PCMA PIA TAI Unsorted
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