Albert Eberhard Friedrich Schäffle (24 February 1831 – 25 December 1903) was a Germansociologist,political economist, andnewspaper editor.[1]
Albert Schäffle was born atNürtingen inWürttemberg on 24 February 1831.[2] In 1848 he became a student at theUniversity of Tübingen.[3]
He had studied for the ministry, but started out in journalism as his career.[4] From 1850 to 1860 he was attached to the editorial staff of theSchwäbische Merkur inStuttgart, and in the latter year accepted a call to the chair of political economy at the University of Tübingen.[3]
From 1862 to 1864 Schäffle was a member of the Württemberg diet, and in 1868 he received a mandate to the GermanZollparlament. During this year he was appointed professor of political science at theUniversity of Vienna.[3]
In 1871 Schäffle resigned his professorship to join the cabinet of CountKarl Sigmund von Hohenwart as minister of commerce forAustria. The government fell in that same year, however, and Schäffle took up residence in Stuttgart, where he devoted himself entirely to literary work.[3]
Schäffle'smagnum opus, a treatise calledBau und Leben des sozialen Körpers (Construction and Life of the Social Body) was published in four volumes from 1875 to 1878. The work was a grandiose attempt to create a unified system combining the natural and social sciences.[5] Schäffle attempted to show a unity between human social behavior and the biological processes observed by natural science, while retaining a spiritual aspect in the tradition of Germanidealist philosophy.[5]
In a second edition of this work, published in two volumes in 1896, Schäffle emphasized the state-interventionist implications of his work, describing the economy of the "rational social state" in fine detail.[5]
In hisQuintessence of Socialism (1875) andThe Impossibility of Social Democracy (1885), Schäffle developed a critique of socialism which focused on the problem of incentives in large-scale collectives. His conclusion was that classical socialism and democracy were incompatible. Schäffle thus foreshadowed some of the criticisms of socialism byLudwig von Mises andFreidrich Hayek.
From 1892 to 1901 Schäffle was the sole editor of theZeitschrift für die gesamte Staatswissenschaft.[3]
Albert Schäffle died at Stuttgart on 25 December 1903.
One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in thepublic domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Schäffle, Albert Eberhard Friedrich".Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 24 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 312.