Albert Brown | |
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| Confederate States Senator fromMississippi | |
| In office February 18, 1862 – May 10, 1865 | |
| Preceded by | Constituency established |
| Succeeded by | Constituency abolished |
| United States Senator fromMississippi | |
| In office January 7, 1854 – January 12, 1861 | |
| Preceded by | Walker Brooke |
| Succeeded by | Hiram Revels |
| Member of theU.S. House of Representatives fromMississippi's4th district | |
| In office March 4, 1847 – March 3, 1853 | |
| Preceded by | District created |
| Succeeded by | Wiley P. Harris |
| 14thGovernor of Mississippi | |
| In office January 10, 1844 – January 10, 1848 | |
| Preceded by | Tilghman Tucker |
| Succeeded by | Joseph Matthews |
| Member of theU.S. House of Representatives fromMississippi'sat-large district | |
| In office March 4, 1839 – March 3, 1841 | |
| Preceded by | Thomas J. Word |
| Succeeded by | William M. Gwin |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1813-05-31)May 31, 1813 |
| Died | June 12, 1880(1880-06-12) (aged 67) Terry, Mississippi, U.S. |
| Political party | Democratic |
| Alma mater | Mississippi College Jefferson College, Mississippi |
Albert Gallatin Brown (May 31, 1813 – June 12, 1880) wasGovernor of Mississippi from 1844 to 1848 and aDemocraticUnited States Senator fromMississippi from 1854 to 1861, when he withdrew during secession.[1]
He was born to Joseph and Elizabeth (Rice) Brown, a poor family of hog farmers, in the Chester District of South Carolina, at the foothills of theAppalachian Mountains in 1813. The family were farmers originally fromCharlotte County, Virginia, from where Brown's grandfather had moved to South Carolina in the 1770s. The family can be tracked toLincolnshire,England from where the first Brown ancestor arrived in Virginia in 1697, and moved to Charlotte County in the 1720s[2] In 1823, when he was only 10 years old his family moved to the new state of Mississippi. The Brown family settled Copiah County, south of the state capital, Jackson. Raising cotton in the new frontier state proved to be lucrative for the Brown family.[2] In 1824, just one year after settling in Mississippi, Joseph Brown was elected Justice of the Peace in Copiah County. By 1825, two years after arriving in Mississippi, he was the third-largest taxpayer in the county, owning 18 slaves. By 1832, he was farming a plantation of 1,600 acres and owned 23 slaves.[2]
In 1829, Albert Brown enteredMississippi College, but he soon transferred toJefferson College, which he attended for about six months.[2]
During his lifetime, Brown was one of the most popular and the most influential men in Mississippi. He is considered to be the father of the public school system and of theUniversity of Mississippi. His rhetorical attacks on illiteracy are considered to have made a substantial contribution to the cause of education in Mississippi.
He was also aFire-Eater and a strong advocate for the expansion of slavery. In 1858, he said: "I want a foothold inCentral America... because I want to plant slavery there.... I wantCuba,...Tamaulipas,Potosi, and one or two otherMexican States; and I want them all for the same reason - for the planting or spreading of slavery."[3] Indeed, he went on to say, "I would spread the blessings of slavery, like the religion of our Divine Master, to the uttermost ends of the earth."
To those who agreed with such views, "Albert Gallatin Brown possessed magical powers. With many learnt spells, handsome countenance surrounded by a luxuriant, flowing beard and dark-curly hair, in every sense he looked distinguished. Courageous, he was void of vanity; animated, he was persuasive; his spirit, crackerish to the extreme." In his speech,Reuben Davis, who knew him well, states in his bookReminiscences on Mississippi and Mississippians that Brown "was the best-balanced man I ever knew.... In politics, he had strategy with-out corruption, and handled all his opponents with skill but never descended to intrigue." During a lifetime, most of which was spent in an epoch of bitter controversy, his most intimate friends never heard him speak ill of others.
Brown served three terms in the state legislature, four in the US Congress, one on the circuit bench. He was twice elected United States senator, twice Governor, and once senator in the Confederate Congress. Rand wrote that "the political career of Albert Gallatin Brown provides one of the most amazing chapters in Mississippi history."
Brown's first wife was Elizabeth Frances Thornton Taliaferro (1817–1836) of Virginia, who died about five months after the marriage. She was the daughter of Richard Henry Taliaferro, Sr. (1783–1830) and Frances Walker Gilmer (ca. 1784-1826).
Brown's second wife was Roberta Eugenia Young (1813–1886), daughter of Brig. Gen. Robert Young (1768–1824) and Elizabeth Mary Conrad (1772–1810). Roberta's older sister was Elizabeth Mary Young (1804–1859), the wife ofPhilip Richard Fendall II (1794–1867), the District Attorney of the District of Columbia.
Overcome by a stroke ofapoplexy, Brown fell face down in a shallow pond at his home near Terry in 1880. His last remains rest inGreenwood Cemetery, Jackson.
Brown was a slaveholder.[4]InIncidents in the Life of a Slave Girl, a narrative written by the escaped slaveHarriet Jacobs, Brown is called out by Jacobs for supporting slavery in a speech to Congress despite the fact that he "could not be ignorant of [the wrongdoings perpetrated against slaves], for they are of frequent occurrence in every Southern State."[5]
Brown County, Kansas, is named after him.
In the 1992alternate history/science fiction novelThe Guns of the South byHarry Turtledove, Brown is an important supporting character.
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