Albas | |
|---|---|
 A general view of Albas | |
.svg) Coat of arms | |
Location of Albas  | |
  Albas  Albas | |
| Coordinates:43°00′25″N2°44′06″E / 43.0069°N 2.735°E /43.0069; 2.735 | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Occitania |
| Department | Aude |
| Arrondissement | Narbonne |
| Canton | Les Corbières |
| Intercommunality | Région Lézignanaise, Corbières et Minervois |
| Government | |
| • Mayor(2020–2026) | Jean-Claude Montlaur[1] |
Area 1 | 22.69 km2 (8.76 sq mi) |
| Population (2022)[2] | 78 |
| • Density | 3.4/km2 (8.9/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 11006 /11360 |
| Elevation | 189–533 m (620–1,749 ft) (avg. 343 m or 1,125 ft) |
| 1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |
Albas (French pronunciation:[albas]ⓘ;Occitan:Albàs) is acommune in theAudedepartment in theOccitanie region of southernFrance.
Albas is located some 50 km south-east ofCarcassonne and 25 km west ofPort-la-Nouvelle. It can be accessed from the east by road D40 which runs north-west from Durban-Corbières then turns left to enter the commune from the east. The D40 continues west to the town of Albas then continues to the west through the heart of the commune and on toVillerouge-Termenès. The commune can also be accessed fromCascastel-des-Corbières in the south-east by road D106 which runs north-west to the town of Albas. There are numerous countries roads criss-crossing the commune. The landscape is unusual with farmland along the east–west central axis of the commune but most of the commune is forested hills.[3]
The village is built at an average altitude 270 metres, the town hall is 250m above sea level. There are no other villages or hamlets in the commune.
There are numerous streams densely covering the commune. Those in the north flow north to the Nielle river which eventually flows to the Orbieu which joins the Aude near Saint-Nazaire-d'Aude. Those in the south flow south to the Berre river which flows to the sea.[3]
The commune is in theCorbières Massif at the foot of Mount Tauch in the CorbièresAOC.
The Albassedimentary series has been the subject of numerous geological studies as the different layers extend from theMesozoic toQuaternary periods and dinosaur fossil eggs have been found. The landscape varies fromGarrigue or scrubland toHolly Oak forests.
Places adjacent to Albas, Aude | |
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Dating from the lateIron Age, there is on the "Roc de Carla" a modestoppidum. Extraction of Iron Ore was being done in the 4th and 3rd centuries BC. The Romans named the placeALBARES probably because of the silver poplar leaves they found in the vicinity of the present village.
In a deed from the year 963 concerning donations from the nearby village ofFontjoncouse at Aymeric, the Archbishop of Narbonne, wrote the wordsVILLA ALBARES (ALBAS). In 1196, theViscountessErmengarde of Narbonne donated in her will thecastrum or "fortified place" of ALBAS to a military order. His nephew Pierre de Lara, however, would not give any part of Albas to theTemplars or theHospitallers orders. ACommander Saint Jean is mentioned at Albas in 1243. In 1226,Guillaume de Laroque de Carcassonne sold his possessions at Albas to theAbbey of Lagrasse. In the course of the 13th century, theCount of Foix was Lord then, in 1271, Aymeric,Viscount of Narbonne became the rightful lord of theCastrum of Albaribus Ferreriarum (the Albas Iron Mines).
The church is dedicated to Saint Paul, who evangelised inNarbonne.
In 1503 Jean de Cascastel of a neighbouring village was cited as lord. In 1523, Jean of Narbonne was said to hold the lordship of Albas from the King. During this century,Rogier de Lubes, Bailiff of Albas, organized an intercommunal association to defend the interests of the people ruined by theFranco-Spanish wars. The village built ofadobe was destroyed and the residents resettled in thecastrum.
In 1576, theParlement of Toulouse distributed the property of theBellisens family and Albas went toPons Thomas Joseph Davisard. In the 17th century,Cardinal Richelieu decided to reclaim theRoussillon andNarbonne became a stronghold at the disposal of the French. In an order dated 6 May 1642,Louis XII put Albas on the list of localities dependent on Narbonne. At the beginning of the 18th century, Albas was part of the barony of Talairan and came under the spiritual authority of theOrder of Malta. This is why the current crest of Albas is a white Maltese cross on red background.
During theRevolution, the property of theDavisard family was confiscated and the Albas Iron Works became a commune. In 1830, the farming ofGarouille (a dwarf oak that providedvermilion dye) and charcoal production was the main economic activity of Albas, with alfalfa and livestock (goats for milk, sheep for meat, mules for travel). The iron mining which merely collected the unrefined ore (ferrières) in the Middle Ages gave way at the beginning of the 20th century to mining on the Lacamp plateau. Iron was carried by trolleys and the small railway linking Durban-Corbières to Tuchan until 1930. The railway was abandoned in favour of the first trucks then the mines became too expensive to operate and they were abandoned in 1930. The mine shafts were closed and only a few insiders knew how to get in by entering discrete tunnels. The remains of a pink marble quarry can be seen on the road to Cascastel near the village.
| Blazon: Gules, a cross of Malta argent bordure Or. |
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List of Successive Mayors of Albas[4]
| From | To | Name | Party |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2001 | 2026 | Jean-Claude Montlaur | PS |
The inhabitants of the commune are known asAlbassiens orAlbassiennes in French.[5]
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
|---|---|---|
| 1968 | 72 | — |
| 1975 | 59 | −2.80% |
| 1982 | 72 | +2.89% |
| 1990 | 70 | −0.35% |
| 1999 | 59 | −1.88% |
| 2007 | 78 | +3.55% |
| 2012 | 72 | −1.59% |
| 2017 | 77 | +1.35% |
| Source: INSEE[6] | ||
Population:Winemakers,Animal husbandry,masons, retired from various countries of Europe, summer holiday families.
Two flocks ofsheep have opened an alternative to wine which was the dominant activity of the 20th century.
At the end of the 19th century the village had 600 residents, a school, and three priests lived in thecapélagne (Rectory). Before the vinesyardsCereals were grown andlucerne from Albas was renowned.
