Alash Алаш партиясы
Leader	Alikhan Bukeikhanov
Founded	1917
Dissolved	1920
Split from	Constitutional Democratic Party
Headquarters	Alaş-Qala,Alash Autonomy
Ideology	National liberalism Constitutionalism Nationalism Anti-communism Anti-Sovietism
Political position	Centre tocentre-right
Colors	White, yellow, red
Politics of Kazakhstan Political parties Elections Politics of Russia Political parties Elections

Part ofa series on the
History ofKazakhstan
Ancient Scythia Saka Wusun Kangju Kingdom Huns
Khanates Rouran 330–555 Turkic (Göktürks) 552–745 Karluk 665–744 Kimek 743–1220 Oghuz 750–1055 Kara-Khanid 840–1212 Qara Khitai 1124–1218 Mongol Empire 1206–1368 Golden Horde 1240s–1446 Uzbek Khanate 1428–1465 Kazakh Khanate 1465–1847 Nogai Horde 1480–1613
Post-nomadic period Russian Turkestan 1867–1918 Governor-Generalship of the Steppes 1882–1918 Alash Autonomy 1918–1920 Kazakh ASSR 1920–1936 Kazakh SSR 1936–1991 Republic of Kazakhstan 1991–present
Topics Culture Geography Healthcare Religion Buddhism Eastern Orthodoxy Islam Judaism
Other Outline of Kazak military history Bibliography of Kazak history
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Part ofa series on the
History ofKyrgyzstan
Timeline
Early history Achaemenid Empire 542–330 BC Macedonian Empire 329–312 BC Seleucid Empire 312–189 BC Greco-Bactrian Kingdom 250–152 BC Xiongnu 204–53 BC Han China 101 BC–185 AD Kushan Empire 30–375 Former Liang 301–376 Rouran Khaganate 330–555 Former Qin 383–386 Later Liang 386–403 Hephthalites 440–560
Medieval history Kyrgyz Khaganate 539–1207 Turkic Khaganate 557–603 Sasanian Empire 559–628 Western Turkic Khaganate 603–657 Eastern Turkic Khaganate 603–630 Tang China 657–751 Second Turkic Khaganate 682–744 Umayyad Caliphate 706–750 Abbasid Caliphate 750–875 Uyghur Khaganate 791–840 Tibetan Empire 794–842 Kara-Khanid Khanate 840–1089 Seljuk Empire 1089–1141 Qara Khitai 1141–1212 Khwarazmian Empire 1212–1221
Early modern history Mongol Empire 1218–1266 Chagatai Khanate 1266–1347 Moghulistan 1347–1514 Golden Horde 1368–1446 Timurid Empire 1370–1505 Uzbek Khanate 1437–1471 Kazakh Khanate 1465–1757 Khanate of Bukhara 1501–1709 Yarkent Khanate 1514–1705 Dzungar Khanate 1680–1758 Khanate of Kokand 1709–1876 Qing China 1757–1841 Emirate of Bukhara 1841–1876 Kara-Kyrgyz Khanate 1842–1867
Russian Vassalage Russian Empire 1876–1917 Urkun 1916–1917 Turkestan Autonomy 1917–1918
Soviet rule Turkestan ASSR 1918–1924 Kara-Kirghiz Autonomous Oblast 1924–1926 Kyrgyz ASSR 1926–1936 Kyrgyz SSR 1936–1991
Independent Kyrgyzstan 1st Kyrgyz Revolution 2005 2nd Kyrgyz Revolution 2010 3rd Kyrgyz Revolution 2020
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Alash (Kazakh:Алаш партиясы,Alaş partiası;Kyrgyz:Алаш партиясы,romanized: Alash partiyasy) was a political party and liberation movement in theRussian Republic andSoviet Russia, and the ruling party ofAlash Autonomy on the territory of present-dayKazakhstan andRussia. They advocated for equal treatment betweenKazakhs andRussians and the cessation ofRussian settlement on the Kazakh lands. It was notably the first modern organized political Kazakh and Kyrgyz elite group.^[1]

The Alash party attempted to reinforce Kazakh identity rather than embracing Russian identities. Westernsecularism and ties to theMuslim world were the major dividing issues among the partyintelligentsia and the Kazakh elites, through theRussian Civil War.^[1]

Chairman of the party and president of the Alash Autonomy wasAlikhan Bokeikhanov. Prior to the formation of Alash party, he and other notable members of the party were members of the liberalConstitutional Democratic Party,^[1] which they maintained some relations with.

Alash party ceased to exist on 26 August 1920, after theBolsheviks defeated theWhite Army that was occupying the territory of the Alash Autonomy, and formed theKirghiz Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic.

The word "Alash" means tribesman or relative inTurkic languages, but according to some sources, Alash may be used as asynonym to "Kazakh". Qadyrgali Jalaiyr - Kazakh chronicler and politician, often used Alash as the word to replace Kazakh.

The party had plans to unite allTurkic peoples ofCentral Asia and create an independent state. For that they didn't want Kazakhs to be titular nation, so they decided to choose the word Alash, creating a new Turkic identity between nations. However, this plan didn't work out. Kazakh politicianMustafa Shokay commented the first congresses of Alash: "Congress became a symbolic scene to show our unity, by common goal to unite great Turkic peoples".

The Alash Party was founded in December 1917, with its creation announced in the weekly journalQazaq. Alash won elections in most regions of Kazakhstan,de facto founding theAlash Autonomy.

The party was founded by former members of theConstitutional Democratic Party, thus making the party one of the successors of the Constitutional Democrats.

After theFebruary Revolution, Russia was weakened, and Kazakh elites used the moment to found a party. An all-Kazakh congress inOrenburg from 21 to 28 July 1917, was organized and main questions were answered such as Russia's form of government , which they decided that Russia should become afederalparliamentary republic.

The Alash party ceased to exist on 26 August 1920, after theBolsheviks defeatedWhite Army forces that were Alash Autonomy, and formed theKirghiz Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic. However, Kazakh elites decided to continue working to improve Kazakhstan. Some former Alash members joined theCommunist Party of the Soviet Union.

Former Alash members started translating textbooks for schools. During theAsharshylyk, the Kazakh elites engaged in large protests against the Soviet political system, criticizing propaganda and the censorship of information on the famine. They wrote two letters to the Soviet government: First "The letter of five" written on 4 July 1932, byGabit Musirepov, Mansur Gataulin, Embergen Altynbekov, Mutash Dauletkaliev and Kadir Kuanyshev. Second "The letter to J. V. Stalin", a letter written byTurar Ryskulov toJoseph Stalin.

In the 1930s, most the elites were arrested during the Great Purge and sent toGulags for alleged support ofnationalistic ideas. Intolerable prison conditions and constant stress made the detained age faster, which is visible in the last photos of them. In the period of 1935-1938 most of the Kazakh elite was shot.

After Kazakhstan gained independence, many figures associated with the party were rehabilitated and monuments constructed to honour them.

On 4 July 2021, a monument dedicated to the Alash movement leadersAkhmet Baitursynov,Alikhan Bukeikhanov andMirzhakip Dulatov was unveiled inAstana.^[2]

• Akhmet Baitursynov
• Alash Orda
• Basmachi movement
• Ismail Gasprinski
• Jadid
• Pan-Turkism
• Ush Zhuz

• Defunct political parties in Kazakhstan
• Political history of Kazakhstan
• Political parties of the Russian Revolution
• Political parties in the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic
• Anti-communist parties
• Political parties disestablished in 1920
• Alash Autonomy

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