 | |
 | |
| Location | Sackville Gardens,Manchester, United Kingdom |
|---|---|
| Type | Sculpture |
| Dedicated date | Alan Turing |
53°28′36.2″N2°14′9.7″W / 53.476722°N 2.236028°W /53.476722; -2.236028TheAlan Turing Memorial, situated inSackville Gardens inManchester, England,[1] is a sculpture in memory ofAlan Turing,[2] a pioneer of modern computing.
Turing is believed to have taken his own life in 1954, two years after being convicted ofgross indecency (i.e. homosexual acts). As such, he is as much agay icon as an icon of computing, and the memorial is situated near toCanal Street, Manchester'sgay village.[3]
Turing is depicted sitting on a bench situated in a central position in the park, holding an apple. On Turing's left is theUniversity of Manchester and on his right is Canal Street. Sculptor Glyn Hughes said the park was chosen as the location for the statue because "It's got the university science buildings...on one side and it's got all the gay bars on the other side, where apparently he spent most of his evenings."[4]
The statue was unveiled on 23 June, Turing's birthday, in 2001. It was conceived by Richard Humphry, a barrister fromStockport, who set up the Alan Turing Memorial Fund in order to raise the necessary funds. Humphry had come up with the idea of a statue after seeingHugh Whitemore's playBreaking the Code, starringDerek Jacobi. Jacobi became the patron of the fund.[5] Hughes, an industrial sculptor fromAdlington nearWesthoughton, was commissioned to sculpt the statue.[6]
Roy Jackson (who had previously raised funds forHIV/AIDS and Gay Awareness in Manchester) was asked to assist in the funding raising to make the memorial happen. Within 12 months, through donations and a "village lottery", £15,000 was raised. It would have costc. £50,000 to cast the statue at a British foundry, and so it was instead cast by the Tianjin Focus Company in China.[5]
The inscription in relief on the cast bronze bench reads "Alan Mathison Turing 1912–1954" and "IEKYF ROMSI ADXUO KVKZC GUBJ". The latter is described by Hughes as "a motto as encoded by the German 'Enigma'".[5] The original message is often given as "Founder of Computer Science",[7][8][9] however this is unlikely as the Enigma ciphering system does not allow a letter to be enciphered to itself, while the fourteenth letter of that message (the "U" in "Computer") is the same as the fourteenth letter of the encoded inscription.[10]
A planning application held by Manchester Archives and Local Studies[11][12] contains two additional codes that were seemingly intended to be included in the memorial: "MBJSU UEZGQ VKMXC AFROI HHKYD" which decodes to "Pioneer of digital computing" and also "LJYDN VCDTO BAWQL PURCX IZNVE" which was intended to be on the plaque by Turing's feet.
A plaque at the statue's feet reads "Father of Computer Science, Mathematician, Logician, Wartime Codebreaker, Victim of Prejudice", followed by theBertrand Russell quotation "Mathematics, rightly viewed, possesses not only truth but supreme beauty, a beauty cold and austere like that of sculpture." Hughes buried his own oldAmstrad computer beneath the statue, in tribute to Turing.[13]
