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Al Hoceima الحسيمة | |
|---|---|
City | |
      | |
| Nicknames: Pearl of the Mediterranean | |
  Al Hoceima  Al Hoceima | |
| Coordinates:35°14′50″N3°55′56″W / 35.24722°N 3.93222°W /35.24722; -3.93222 | |
| Country |  Morocco |
| Region | Tanger-Tetouan-Al Hoceima |
| Province | Al Hoceima |
| First settled | 1925 |
| Renamed Al Hoceima | 1955 |
| Government | |
| • Type | Mayor–council government |
| • Mayor | Najib Ouazzani |
| Area | |
• Total | 12.62 km2 (4.87 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 112 m (367 ft) |
| Population (2024)[1] | |
• Total | 50,225 |
| • Density | 3,980/km2 (10,310/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| Postal code | 32000 |
Al Hoceima (Arabic:الحسيمة,romanized: al-Ḥusayma)[2] is a city in the north ofMorocco, on the northern edge of theRif Mountains and on theMediterranean coast. It is the capital city of theAl Hoceima Province. The city is a known tourist destination despite its small size. It has a population of about 50,225 (2024 census).[1]
Al Hoceima is distinguished by its pristine sandy beaches such asCala Iris,Bades,Quemado, and Tala Youssef, as well as its mountainous rocky terrain.
According to some scholars, Al Hoceima is an Arabised version of a Spanish word (Alhucemas – meaning 'Lavenders'), derived from the Andalusi Arabic term 'al-Khuzāmā'. After independence, the Moroccan government established an Arabised name for Alhucemas coming up with Al Hoceima, following the standard French spelling. Some like the author of the Spanish encyclopediaEspasa-Calpe say Alhucemas is a corruption ofal-Mazimma.[3]
The Ait Ouriaghel Berber tribe (also 'Beni Urriaguel') dominated the area around Al Hoceima. Abd el-Krim, whose father was a qadi of the Aith Yusuf clan, organized a guerilla force against the Spanish during theRif War, establishing the Republic of the Rif in 1921. In September 1925, Spanish General José Sanjurjo landed at Al Hoceima and claimed the territory for Spain.The Spanish developed the town and named it Villa Sanjurjo after General Sanjurjo. The first mayor was Florian Gómez Aroca.
After Morocco gained its independence in 1956, Al Hoceima developed quickly, and the Moroccan government changed its name from the SpanishVilla Alhucemas toAl Hoceima.
The years from 1956 to 1959 were marked by challenges for the Rif region. Morocco'sHassan II, then crown prince, assumed the role of military commander, and during this period, a significant number of people lost their lives in theRif.[citation needed] In October 1958, theBeni Urriaguel communityrebelled against the central administration, prompting the deployment of two-thirds of Morocco's army, led by Hassan, to Al Hoceima.[4]
In the early 1950s and 1960s, during a period of economic hardship when many of the city's inhabitants were of modest means, the small houses in the city were predominantly painted white and blue. These colors, symbolizing the sea and sky, were commonly regarded as the city's official colors. As economic conditions improved over time, residents began to paint their houses in a wider range of colors.
The city and surrounding villages were hit by two largeearthquakes within ten years. The first (Mw 6.0 event occurred on May 26, 1994,[citation needed] and the second event (Mw 6.4) occurred on February 24, 2004,[5] killing more than 560 people (see2004 Al Hoceima earthquake). In 2007, Al Hoceima's mayor stated that all new houses would be painted white and blue in an effort to restore the city's traditional appearance.
Al Hoceima is now a moderate-size city with a population of 56,716 recorded in the2014 Moroccan census.[6] It has the second-largest port of theRif region (Nador being the largest). The first schools built by the Spanish colonials, (acollege and anelementary school) and a Spanishcatholic church, still exist today.
Playa Quemado, where General Sanjurjo and his troops landed in 1925, is one of Al Hoceima's well-known beaches. Situated beneath the Mohammed V hotel, the beach is frequented by visitors. The hotel offers amenities such as a tennis court, restaurant, cocktail bar, and nightclub.
Al Hoceima has been the centre of repression by and political protest against the Moroccan government in the 21st century. Five young protesters were murdered, and their burned bodies found in Al Hoceima, in 2011.[7] On October 28, 2016, a fish-seller, Mouhcine Fikri, was crushed to death in a rubbish truck while trying to retrieve fish confiscated by the authorities,[8] which led to large anti-government protests in November 2016 known asHirak Rif.[9] Protests in Al Hoceima continued after the start of Ramadan, 26 May, and culminated on 26 June with "bloody clashes",[7] then spreading to other parts of northern Morocco and the country.[8] On 7 January 2023, A 5.3 Magnitude Earthquake hit Al Hoceima Province,Nekkour.[10][11] On 12 February 2023, National Institute of Geophysics announced two earthquakes that occurred in the Al Hoceima region, in the north of the country, measuring 3.8 and 4.3 degrees.[12][13][14]
| Climate data for Al Hoceima (Cherif Al Idrissi Airport) (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1965–present) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 27.6 (81.7) | 30.0 (86.0) | 30.8 (87.4) | 32.6 (90.7) | 34.2 (93.6) | 39.6 (103.3) | 41.0 (105.8) | 38.6 (101.5) | 41.0 (105.8) | 34.6 (94.3) | 35.0 (95.0) | 31.0 (87.8) | 41.0 (105.8) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 17.4 (63.3) | 17.7 (63.9) | 19.1 (66.4) | 20.5 (68.9) | 22.9 (73.2) | 25.7 (78.3) | 28.3 (82.9) | 28.9 (84.0) | 26.5 (79.7) | 23.7 (74.7) | 20.5 (68.9) | 18.4 (65.1) | 22.5 (72.5) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 12.7 (54.9) | 13.2 (55.8) | 14.7 (58.5) | 16.2 (61.2) | 18.7 (65.7) | 21.7 (71.1) | 24.4 (75.9) | 24.9 (76.8) | 22.6 (72.7) | 19.6 (67.3) | 16.0 (60.8) | 13.7 (56.7) | 18.2 (64.8) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 7.9 (46.2) | 8.6 (47.5) | 10.2 (50.4) | 11.8 (53.2) | 14.6 (58.3) | 17.7 (63.9) | 20.1 (68.2) | 20.9 (69.6) | 18.6 (65.5) | 15.5 (59.9) | 11.5 (52.7) | 9.0 (48.2) | 13.9 (57.0) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −1.0 (30.2) | 0.0 (32.0) | 0.0 (32.0) | 0.5 (32.9) | 6.0 (42.8) | 9.0 (48.2) | 11.3 (52.3) | 11.2 (52.2) | 10.0 (50.0) | 6.0 (42.8) | 3.5 (38.3) | 0.0 (32.0) | −1.0 (30.2) |
| Averageprecipitation mm (inches) | 45.7 (1.80) | 43.6 (1.72) | 37.0 (1.46) | 33.3 (1.31) | 21.1 (0.83) | 9.4 (0.37) | 1.7 (0.07) | 5.2 (0.20) | 14.6 (0.57) | 43.7 (1.72) | 45.8 (1.80) | 34.3 (1.35) | 335.4 (13.20) |
| Average precipitation days(≥ 1.0 mm) | 5.0 | 4.9 | 4.8 | 4.4 | 3.2 | 0.9 | 0.4 | 0.8 | 2.3 | 3.9 | 4.6 | 4.7 | 39.9 |
| Mean monthlysunshine hours | 198.0 | 186.1 | 221.4 | 238.8 | 261.0 | 289.0 | 303.1 | 275.2 | 235.1 | 213.5 | 186.2 | 181.9 | 2,789.3 |
| Source 1:NOAA (sun 1981–2010)[15][16] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: Meteo Climat (records)[17] | |||||||||||||
The city's income is based on fishing and tourism. Many of its former inhabitants migrated toEurope during the 1960s through 1980s; large numbers of Moroccans in the Netherlands, France and Belgium were Al Hoceima natives,[18] many of whom return to Al Hoceima during the summer, when the town is also frequented by tourists from Germany and France.[4]
The town beach is Plage Quemado, which is also where fishers bring in their catch. A quieter beach is in nearby Asfiha. The Torres de Alcala and Kalah Iris beaches are also considered Al Hoceima beaches, though they are 60 km from town.[4]
The city is served by theCherif Al Idrissi Airport.
There is a Spanish international school,Instituto Español Melchor de Jovellanos.
Abdelmalek Essaâdi University - Campus of Al Hoceima contains:
Faculty of Science and Technology - FST
National School of Applied Sciences - ENSA'H
Multidisciplinary Faculty - FPH (Under Construction)
National School of Commerce and Management - ENCG (Under Construction)
Nice,France
Tuzla,Bosnia and Herzegovina
Almería,SpainAlmuñécar,Spain
The Hague,NetherlandsMeppel,Netherlands
Schaerbeek,BelgiumSint-Niklaas,Belgium
Capital:Tangier | ||
| Prefectures and provinces |  | |
| Cities | ||
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