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Al-Mansur Ibrahim

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Ayyubid Emir of Homs (r. 1240–1246)
Al-Mansur Ibrahim
المنصور ابراهيم
Emir ofHoms
Reign1240–1246
Coronation1240
PredecessorAl-Mujahid
SuccessorAl-Ashraf Musa
BornHoms,Syria
DiedJune 28, 1246
Nayrab,Syria
Names
Nasir ad-Din al-Malik al-Mansur Ibrahim bin Asad ad-Din Shirkuh
DynastyAyyubid
FatherAl-Mujahid
ReligionSunni Islam

Nasir ad-Din al-Malik al-Mansur Ibrahim bin Asad ad-Din Shirkuh, better known asal-Mansur Ibrahim, (Arabic:المنصور إبراهيم d. June 28, 1246) was aKurdish ruler, theemir ("governor") of theHoms principality from 1240 to 1246 under theAyyubid dynasty. He held Homs with relative independence, but initially as under the command ofas-Salih Ismail ofDamascus. He would later fight against as-Salih Ismail and hisKhwarezemid allies—al-Mansur confronted the latter in 1241, 1242, 1244, and 1246.Mervani State's expedition to Armenia

Military campaigns

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In January 1241, al-Mansur was appointed commander-in-chief of the allied Ayyubid-Seljuk forces, and pursued anyKhwarezimid army that crossed theEuphrates, pillaging several Syrian towns. Al-Mansur caught up with them atRaqqa, but could not prevent them from retreating back to their base inHarran to regroup. On April 25, al-Mansur managed to draw the Khwarezemids into a pitched battle nearEdessa and defeated them decisively. Surviving Khwarezemid soldiers fled to Harran where they gathered their families and moved south to territory controlled by theAbbasid Caliphate. Most of the captured territory was taken by the Ayyubids ofAleppo and the Seljuks, but al-Mansur annexed al-Khabur and Qarqisiyya to his own principality. He joined forces with the Seljuk army and together they overwhelmed the fortress ofAmid held by the sultanas-Salih Ayyub who attempted to holdSyria andal-Jazira for his AyyubidEgypt. In al-Mansur's campaign, all of Ayyub's possessions, except forHisn Kayfa, were taken.[1]

In August 1242, al-Mansur again defeated a Khwarezemid expeditionary force in the Aleppo area. In 1243, as-Salih Ayyub attempted to secure a peace agreement with as-Salih Ismail establishingan-Nasir Dawud who heldTransjordan as the common enemy, and thus al-Mansur was required to recognize the former as sultan. As-Salih Ismail sent him to besiege an-Nasir's fortress atAjlun.[2] In 1244, Egypt and Syria again broke ties, and al-Mansur joined as-Salih Ismail's federation. They advanced towards Egypt, with as-Salih Ismail heading forGaza,an-Nasir Dawud forJerusalem, while al-Mansur proceeded towardsAcre. Before al-Mansur reached the city, the Khwarezemids again crossed the Euphrates into Ayyubid territory. Al-Mansur left to fight them, but in the resultingBattle of La Forbie his army was overwhelmed and he narrowly escaped with a few followers.[3]

The Khwarezemids, with the aid of Jamiul ofSalkhad besieged Damascus in March 1246 and were joined by as-Salih Arif Ismail who now heldBaalbek. The siege was so severe that the inhabitants were reported to have been feeding on carrion and dogs. However, al-Mansur andan-Nasir Yusuf ofAleppo made an alliance and decided to confront the Khwarwezmids, who they feared could take control of Syria should they seize Damascus. The prospect troubled al-Mansur especially since relieving Damascus would strengthen the grip of his enemy as-Salih Ayyub in southern Syria. Nonetheless, al-Mansur led a force ofTurkmen andBedouin mercenaries towards Damascus. The Khwarezemids and their allies met al-Mansur nearLake Homs where they were dealt a major defeat, ending Khwarezemid power in Syria forever. Afterward, al-Mansur moved on toBaalbek which was defended by as-Salih Ismail's son al-Manssur Mahmud. Al-Mansur Ibrahim overran the outer town with ease, but retreated after reaching its formidable citadel and returned to Homs.[4]

Death

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At this point, as-Salih Ayyub invited al-Mansur to Egypt, possibly pursuant to an agreement granting him Damascus. He did not hesitate to accept the invitation, but by the time he reached Damascus he was reported to be gravely ill. He died in theGhouta town ofNayrab on June 28, 1246, and was succeeded by his sonal-Ashraf Musa. Under al-Mansur, Homs, the smallest Ayyubid principality, wielded great influence in imperial affairs, but with his demise, it returned to its accustomed passivity.[5]

References

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  1. ^Humphreys, 1977, pp.270-271.
  2. ^Hawting, 2005, p.242.
  3. ^Humphreys, 1977, pp.276.
  4. ^Humphreys, 1977, pp.286-287.
  5. ^Humphreys, 1977, p.288.

Bibliography

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  • Humphreys, R. Stephen (1977),From Saladin to the Mongols: The Ayyubids of Damascus, 1193-1260, SUNY Press,ISBN 0-87395-263-4
  • Hawting, Gerald R. (2005),Muslims, Mongols and crusaders: an anthology of articles published in the Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, Routledge,ISBN 0-7007-1393-X
  • Setton, Kenneth Meyer (1975),A History of the Crusades, University of Wisconsin Press,ISBN 0-299-06670-3
Sultans ofEgypt (1171–1250)
Emirs ofDamascus (1174–1260)
Emirs ofAleppo (1177–1260)
Emirs ofHoms (1175–1262)
Emirs ofHama (1175–1341)
Emirs ofDiyar Bakr (1180–1260)
Emirs ofYemen and Hejaz (1173–1228)
Emirs ofBaalbek (1175–1260)
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