| Al-Fath Mosque | |
|---|---|
مسجد الفتح | |
 | |
| Religion | |
| Affiliation | Islam |
| Branch/tradition | Sunni |
| Location | |
| Location | Cairo,Egypt |
  Shown within Egypt | |
| Coordinates | 30°03′35″N31°14′46″E / 30.059846°N 31.246056°E /30.059846; 31.246056 |
| Architecture | |
| Type | mosque |
Al-Fath Mosque (Arabic:مسجد الفتح) is a mosque in the city ofCairo. Located in theRamses Square, it is among the largest mosques and equips the tallestminaret in the city and the 3rd tallest in the world. During thepost-coup unrest in Egypt, theSecond Ramses Incident [ar] took place in the mosque on August 16, 2013, which resulted in the death and injury of several protesters and subsequent shut down of the mosque.
The mosque has its roots on the old mosque founded during theearly Muslim conquests of Egypt. Today's Ramses Square was a village known as Um Dunin in the 7th century, in which the Islamic conquerors had established their center and the adjacent mosque as well. Later the mosque was expanded by theFatimidCaliphAl-Hakim bi-Amr Allah and named as "Al-Maqs Mosque". According to the map ofAl-Maqrizi, the name was a reference to the nearby castle existed back then on the island at theNile, known as Qal'at Al-Maqs.[1] The mosque was also called as Jami Bab al-Bahr. It developed during the era of Al-Hakim in the site to provide the need for the mosque within the siege area, and returning the wealth to the ordinary people. During the Fatimid-era, there were numerous palm trees within the yard, and caliphs enjoyed the view of the mosque from the fleet on theNile.[2]
The mosque was also called as Awlad 'Anan Mosque, an ode to two brothers who were experts ontasawwuf during the era of theMamluksultanTuman bay II, Muhammad and Abdul Qadir bin 'Anan. The elder brother Muhammad was buried in the site in 1499, who was said to be lived until 120 years old, and this gave the mosque the name of Awlad 'Anan.[3]
However, this old mosque was destroyed by the French occupational forces along with several other mosques during theRevolt of Cairo in 1798. A military facility was built on top of the ruins named after a French officer.[3]
Later, a new mosque was established on the same place byArab Contractors, and inaugurated on February 22, 1990, by the formerpresident of EgyptHosni Mubarak during the celebration ofIsra and Miraj. Newly founded mosque was named as "Al-Fath" which means "the conquest" in the Islamic context, and designed by the architect Hussein Bikri. The name Alwad 'Anan is also still being used.[3][4]
Two days after theAugust 2013 Rabaa massacre on August 14, 2013, supporters ofMuhammad Morsi gathered together in the Ramses Square and the neighboring area of the mosque. When the police clashed with the demonstrators, some of them fled into the mosque and the place had eventually turned into a hospital for the injured.[5] Next day morning, the police raided the mosque, and arrested the demonstrators before it was shut down.[6][7] The incident is referred to as theSecond Ramses Incident [ar].
