You can helpexpand this article with text translated fromthe corresponding article in Arabic. (May 2016)Click [show] for important translation instructions.
Machine translation, likeDeepL orGoogle Translate, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia.
Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
Youmust providecopyright attribution in theedit summary accompanying your translation by providing aninterlanguage link to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary isContent in this edit is translated from the existing Arabic Wikipedia article at [[:ar:شمس الدين الذهبي]]; see its history for attribution.
You may also add the template{{Translated|ar|شمس الدين الذهبي}} to thetalk page.
OfTurkic[8] descent, al-Dhahabi was born inDamascus. His name, Ibn al-Dhahabi (son of the goldsmith), reveals his father's profession. He began his study ofhadith at age eighteen, travelling from Damascus toBaalbek,Homs,Hama,Aleppo,Nabulus,Cairo,Alexandria,Jerusalem,Hijaz, and elsewhere, before returning to Damascus to teach and write. He authored many works and was widely renowned as a perspicuous critic and expert examiner of the hadith. He wrote an encyclopaedic biographical history and was the foremost authority on the canonical readings of theQur'an. Some of his teachers were women.[9] At Baalbek,Zaynab bint ʿUmar b. al-Kindī was among his most influential teachers.[10]
al-Dhahabi lost his sight two years before he died, leaving three children: the eldest, his daughter, Amat al-'Aziz, and his two sons, 'Abd Allah and Abu Hurayra 'Abd al-Rahman. The latter son taught the hadith masters Ibn Nasir-ud-din al-Damishqi[11] andIbn Hajar, and through them transmitted several works authored or narrated by his father.
Ibn al-Zahiri, Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn 'Abd Allah al-Halabi
Al-Dimyati, the foremost Egyptian authority on hadith in his time.[12]
Ibn Daqiq al-'Id, whom he identified in his youth as Abu al-Fath al-Qushayri, later as Ibn Wahb.[13]
Jamal-ud-din Abu al-Ma`ali Muhammad ibn 'Ali al-Ansari al-Zamalkani al-Damishqi al-Shafi`i (d. 727), whom he called "Qadi al-Qudat, the Paragon of Islam, the standard-bearer of the Sunna, my shaykh".
Ahmad ibn Ishaq ibn Muhammad al-Abarquhi al-Misri (d. 701).[14]
al-Dhahabi authored nearly a hundred works of history, biography and theology. Hishistory of medicine begins withAncient Greek and Indian practices and practitioners, such asHippocrates,Galen, etc., through thePre-Islamic Arabian era, to Prophetic medicine — as revealed by theMuslimprophetMuhammad— to the medical knowledge contained in works of scholars such asIbn Sina.[17] The following are the better known titles:
Al-Amsar Dhawat al-Athar (Cities Rich in Historical Relics); begins with a description ofMadina al-Munawwara.
Al-Tajrid fi Asma' al-Sahaba; dictionary of theCompanions of the prophetMuhammad.
Tadhkirat al-ḥuffāẓ. (The Memorial of the Hadith Masters); chronological history of the biography of hadith masters. Ibn Hajar received it from Abu Hurayra ibn al-Dhahabi.[23]
Tabaqat al-Qurra (Categories of the Qur'anic Scholars); Biographic anthology.
Al-Mu`in fi Tabaqat al-Muhaddithin, a compendium ofhadith scholars (Muhaddithin).
Duwal al-Islam (The Islamic Nations); concise political histories of Islamic nations.
Al-Kaba'ir (Cardinal Sins)
Manaaqib Al-imam Abu Hanifa wa saahibayhi Abu Yusuf wa Muhammad Ibn al-Hasan (The Honoured status of Imam Abu Hanifa and his two companions, Abu Yusuf and Muhammad ibn Al-Hasan)
Mizaan-ul-I’tidaal, a reworking of al-Kamil fi Dhu'afa' al-Rijal by Ibn 'Adi al-Jurjani (d. 277 H)[24]
^Halverson, Jeffry R. (2010).Theology and Creed in Sunni Islam. Pelgrave Macmillan. p. 43.ISBN9781137473578.
^Spevack, Aaron (2014).The Archetypal Sunni Scholar: Law, Theology, and Mysticism in the Synthesis of Al-Bajuri. State University of New York Press. pp. 45, 169.ISBN978-1-4384-5371-2...in addition to the Ḥanbalīs, the Atharīs also include a small number of followers of the other three schools of law. ... Such as al-Dhahabī and Ibn Kathīr, both Shāfiʿīs.
^Halverson, Jeffry R. (2010). "2: The Demise of 'Ilm al-Kalam".Theology and Creed in Sunni Islam. 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010: Pelgrave Macmillan. p. 43.ISBN978-0-230-10279-8.In fact, the prominent Shafi'ite Athari scholar Shams al-Din al-Dhahabi...{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location (link)
^Spevack, Aaron (2014).The Archetypal Sunni Scholar: Law, Theology, and Mysticism in the Synthesis of Al-Bajuri. State University of New York Press. pp. 45, 169.ISBN978-1-4384-5371-2...in addition to the Ḥanbalīs, the Atharīs also include a small number of followers of the other three schools of law. ... Such as al-Dhahabī and Ibn Kathīr, both Shāfiʿīs.
^B. Hallaq, Wael (2016). "5: Was the Gate of Ijtihad Closed?".Law and Legal Theory in Classical and Medieval Islam. 711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017, USA: Routledge. p. 16.ISBN9780860784562....al-Dhahabi, who was a fervent anti-kalam Traditionalist...{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location (link)
^Hoberman, Barry (September–October 1982). "The Battle of Talas",Saudi Aramco World, p. 26-31.Indiana University.
Halverson, Jeffry R. (2010). "2: The Demise of 'Ilm al-Kalam".Theology and Creed in Sunni Islam. 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010: Pelgrave Macmillan. p. 43.ISBN978-0-230-10279-8.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location (link)
B. Hallaq, Wael (2016). "5: Was the Gate of Ijtihad Closed?".Law and Legal Theory in Classical and Medieval Islam. 711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017, USA: Routledge. p. 16.ISBN9780860784562.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location (link)
Spevack, Aaron (2014).The Archetypal Sunni Scholar: Law, Theology, and Mysticism in the Synthesis of Al-Bajuri. State University of New York Press. pp. 45, 169.ISBN978-1-4384-5371-2.
^Fozia Bora,Writing History in the Medieval Islamic World: The Value of Chronicles as Archives, The Early and Medieval Islamic World (London: I. B. Tauris, 2019), p. 38;ISBN978-1-7845-3730-2.
^Emilie Savage-Smith, "Medicine." Taken fromEncyclopedia of the History of Arabic Science, Volume 3: Technology, Alchemy and Life Sciences, pg. 928. Ed. Roshdi Rashed. London: Routledge, 1996.ISBN0415124123
Tadhkirat al-ḥuffāẓ. (The Memorial of the Hadith Masters); chronological history of the biography of hadith masters. Ibn Hajar received it from Abu Hurayra ibn al-Dhahabi.[23]