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Aitken (crater)

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Coordinates:16°26′S172°58′E / 16.44°S 172.96°E /-16.44; 172.96

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Lunar impact crater

Feature on the moon

Aitken
Aitken view byApollo 17 from 121 km altitude
Coordinates	16°26′S172°58′E / 16.44°S 172.96°E /-16.44; 172.96
Diameter	129.69 km (80.59 mi)
Depth	6 km (3.7 mi)
Colongitude	187° at sunrise
Eponym	Robert Aitken

Oblique view of Aitken (upper right, on the horizon), fromApollo 11. Aitken A is on the rim of Aitken, Atiken C is at left, and Aitken Y is at right, in front of Aitken.

Aitken/ˈeɪtkɪn/ is a largelunar impact crater that lies on thefar side of theMoon, named forRobert Grant Aitken, an American astronomer specializing in binary stellar systems. It is located to the southeast of the craterHeaviside, and north of the unusual formationVan de Graaff. Attached to the southwest rim isVertregt. To the southeast is the smallerBergstrand.

The inner wall of Aitken isterraced and varies notably in width with the narrowest portion in the southwest. The crater Aitken Z lies across the inner north wall. Just to the north of the rim is the small crater Aitken which is surrounded by an ejecta blanket of lighter-albedo material. The interior floor has been resurfaced in the past by a darkerlava flow, especially in the southern half. There are also several small crater impacts on the eastern floor, an arcing central ridge line just to the east of the midpoint, and a line of smaller ridges in the western half.

The crater was named after American astronomerRobert Aitken by theIAU^[1] Aitken was known asCrater 307 prior to naming.^[2]

Aitken was a target of observation on Apollo 17 due to thecommand module's orbit passing directly over it.^[3] The crew had a photograph of Aitken fromZond 8 with instructions to examine the interior of the crater with emphasis onalbedo, textures, and structures of the dark floor fill, the nature of lightswirls in the southwest quadrant of the floor, and structures and rock exposures on the central peak, and possible "lava marks."

This crater lies along the northern rim of the immenseSouth Pole-Aitken Basin, which was named after this crater, and the southern lunar pole, two extreme points of the Basin.

Satellite craters

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By convention, these features are identified on Lunar maps by placing the letter on the side of the crater midpoint that is closest to Aitken.

Aitken	Latitude	Longitude	Diameter
A	14.0° S	173.7° E	13 km
C	14.0° S	175.8° E	74 km
G	16.8° S	174.2° E	7 km
N	17.7° S	172.7° E	7 km
Y	12.0° S	173.2° E	35 km
Z	15.1° S	173.3° E	33 km

References

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^Aitken, Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature, International Astronomical Union (IAU) Working Group for Planetary System Nomenclature (WGPSN)
^Lunar Farside Chart (LFC-1A)
^Apollo 17 Preliminary Science Report, NASA Special Publication 330, 1973

Andersson, L. E.;Whitaker, E. A. (1982).NASA Catalogue of Lunar Nomenclature. NASA RP-1097.
Blue, Jennifer (July 25, 2007)."Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature".USGS. Retrieved2007-08-05.
Bussey, B.;Spudis, P. (2004).The Clementine Atlas of the Moon. New York:Cambridge University Press.ISBN 978-0-521-81528-4.
Cocks, Elijah E.; Cocks, Josiah C. (1995).Who's Who on the Moon: A Biographical Dictionary of Lunar Nomenclature. Tudor Publishers.ISBN 978-0-936389-27-1.
McDowell, Jonathan (July 15, 2007)."Lunar Nomenclature".Jonathan's Space Report. Archived fromthe original on 2012-02-08. Retrieved2007-10-24.
Menzel, D. H.; Minnaert, M.; Levin, B.; Dollfus, A.; Bell, B. (1971). "Report on Lunar Nomenclature by the Working Group of Commission 17 of the IAU".Space Science Reviews.12 (2):136–186.Bibcode:1971SSRv...12..136M.doi:10.1007/BF00171763.S2CID 122125855.
Moore, Patrick (2001).On the Moon.Sterling Publishing Co.ISBN 978-0-304-35469-6.
Price, Fred W. (1988).The Moon Observer's Handbook. Cambridge University Press.ISBN 978-0-521-33500-3.
Rükl, Antonín (1990).Atlas of the Moon.Kalmbach Books.ISBN 978-0-913135-17-4.
Webb, Rev. T. W. (1962).Celestial Objects for Common Telescopes (6th revised ed.). Dover.ISBN 978-0-486-20917-3.{{cite book}}:ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
Whitaker, Ewen A. (1999).Mapping and Naming the Moon. Cambridge University Press.ISBN 978-0-521-62248-6.
Wlasuk, Peter T. (2000).Observing the Moon. Springer.ISBN 978-1-85233-193-1.

External links

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Wikimedia Commons has media related toAitken (crater).

Digital Lunar Orbiter Photo Number II-033-H3
Figure 178 in Chapter 5 of APOLLO OVER THE MOON: A View From Orbit (NASA SP-362, 1978) describes unusual features in Aitken, andFigure 84 in Chapter 4 describes a mare ridge in the crater
"Wrinkle Ridges in Aitken Crater!",Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter, NASA, January 20, 2011, archived fromthe original on 2017-06-24, retrieved2012-03-27

L&PItopographic maps of Aitken:

v t e Craters on the Moon: A–B
A	Abbe Abbot Abel Abenezra Abetti Abul Wafa Abulfeda Acosta Adams Aepinus Agatharchides Agrippa Airy Aitken Akis Alan Al-Bakri Albategnius Albert Al-Biruni Alden Alder Aldrin Alekhin Alexander Alfraganus Alhazen Aliacensis Al-Khwarizmi Almanon Al-Marrakushi Aloha Alpetragius Alphonsus Alter Ameghino Amici Ammonius Amontons Amundsen Anaxagoras Anaximander Anaximenes Anděl Anders Anderson Andersson Andronov Ango Angström Ann Annegrit Ansgarius Antoniadi Anuchin Anville Apianus Apollo Apollonius Appleton Arago Aratus Archimedes Archytas Argelander Ariadaeus Aristarchus Aristillus Aristoteles Armiński Armstrong Arnold Arrhenius Artamonov Artemʹev Artemis Artsimovich Aryabhata Arzachel Asada Asclepi Ashbrook Aston Atlas Atwood Autolycus Auwers Auzout Avery Avicenna Avogadro Azophi
B	Baade Babakin Babbage Babcock Back Backlund Baco Baillaud Bailly Baily Balandin Balboa Baldet Ball Balmer Banachiewicz Bancroft Banting Barbier Barkla Barnard Barocius Barringer Barrow Bartels Bawa Bayer Beals Beaumont Becquerel Bečvář Beer Behaim Beijerinck Beketov Béla Belʹkovich Bell Bellinsgauzen Bellot Belopolʹskiy Belyaev Benedict Bergman Bergstrand Berkner Berlage Bernoulli Berosus Berzelius Bessarion Bessel Bettinus Bhabha Bianchini Biela Bilharz Billy Bingham Biot Birkeland Birkhoff Birmingham Birt Bjerknes Black Blackett Blagg Blancanus Blanchard Blanchinus Blazhko Bliss Bobillier Bobone Bode Boethius Boguslawsky Bohnenberger Bohr Bok Boltzmann Bolyai Bombelli Bondarenko Bonpland Boole Borda Borel Boris Borman Born Borya Bosch Boscovich Bose Boss Bouguer Boussingault Bowditch Bowen Boyle Brackett Bragg Brashear Braude Brayley Bredikhin Breislak Brenner Brewster Brianchon Bridgman Briggs Brisbane Bronk Brouwer Brown Bruce Brunner Buch Buffon Buisson Bullialdus Bunsen Burckhardt Bürg Burnham Büsching Butlerov Buys-Ballot Byrd Byrgius

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