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Air chief marshal (Air Chf Mshl orACM) is a high-rankingair officer rank used by some air forces, with origins from theRoyal Air Force. The rank is used by air forces of manycountries that have historical British influence. This rank is also equivalent to anadmiral in anavy or afull general in anarmy or other nations' air forces.

The rank of air chief marshal is immediately senior to the rank ofair marshal but subordinate tomarshal of the air force. Air chief marshals are sometimes generically considered to be air marshals.^[1]

In theRoyal Australian Air Force, this rank is only used when theChief of the Defence Force is an Air Force officer. When this is not the case, the senior ranking Air Force officer is theChief of Air Force, holding the rank ofair marshal.^[2]

With the establishment of the Australian Air Board on 9 November 1920, Australian Air Corps officers dropped their army ranks in favour of those based on the Royal Air Force. However, it was not until 1965 whenSir Frederick Scherger became Chairman of the Australian Chiefs of Staff Committee, and was promoted to air chief marshal that an RAAF officer attained the rank. Throughout the history of the RAAF, only four of its officers have held the rank. Apart from Scherger, they areSir Neville McNamara (promoted 1982),Sir Angus Houston (promoted 2005) andMark Binskin (promoted 2014). McNamara, Houston and Binskin are former Australian Defence Force chiefs; as of November 2024, AdmiralDavid Johnston is the current chief of the Australian Defence Force.

In 2016 the BangladeshiChief of Air Staff position was upgraded from air marshal to air chief marshal rank.^[3] Since then the rank has been held byAbu Esrar,Masihuzzaman Serniabat,Shaikh Abdul Hannan, andHasan Mahmood Khan.

Throughout the 20th century history of theRoyal Canadian Air Force, only two officers held the rank of air chief marshal. They were:Lloyd Samuel Breadner^[4] (promoted 1945) andFrank Robert Miller^[5] (promoted 1961). The rank existed on paper until the 1968 unification of theCanadian Forces, when Army-type rank titles were adopted and the rank of air chief marshal was replaced by that of fullgeneral. As no serving officers held the rank in 1968, no Canadian air chief marshals were regraded to general and Miller, the then only living retired air chief marshal, retained his rank. When Miller died in 1997 the Canadian rank of air chief marshal effectively passed into history. The 21st century re-creation of the Royal Canadian Air Force has not seen the rank revived and as of 2014 there are no plans for such a change. Army-style rank titles continue to be used although a return to the former insignia has been enacted.^[6] In officialCanadian French usage, the rank title wasmaréchal en chef de l'air.^[7]

In theIndian Air Force, theChief of Air Staff (CAS) (currently ACMAmar Preet Singh) holds the rank of Air Chief Marshal. The position of the CAS was upgraded fromAir Marshal to Air Chief Marshal in 1966. The first IAF officer to hold this rank was Air Chief MarshalArjan Singh (later promoted to thefive-star rank ofmarshal of the Indian Air Force) who was promoted to the rank in 1966 while he served as the CAS.^[8] Post 1966, all the Indian air chiefs have held the rank. As of 2014, 19 Indian chiefs of the air staff have held the rank. In the Indian Air Force the honorary promotion of Arjan Singh tomarshal of the Indian Air Force in 2002 resulted in Indian air chief marshals no longer being the most senior IAF officers until Singh's death in 2017.

In theNamibian Air Force, the rank is known as chief air marshal.^[9]

The Nigerian air chief marshal is the second highest-ranking officer in theNigerian Air Force, belowMarshal of the air force.^[10] Only theChief of the Defence Staff holdsfour-star rank. The first Nigerian Air Force officer to attain the rank of air chief marshal wasPaul Dike upon his appointment as the Nigerian Chief of Defence Staff in 2008. Dike was succeeded as Chief of the Defence Staff in 2010 by Air Chief MarshalOluseyi Petinrin. In 2014,Alex Sabundu Badeh was appointed Chief of Defence Staff and promoted to air chief marshal. The Nigerian Chief of Air Staff is normally a three-star air marshal.

In March 1976, as part of a Pakistani Defence Ministry reorganization, the post ofChief of Air Staff, the head of the Pakistan Air Force, was upgraded from air marshal to air chief marshal rank. To date all Pakistani air chief marshals have been members of theJoint Chiefs of Staff Committee. However, only Air Chief MarshalFarooq Feroze Khan has served asChairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee, the supreme commandant of Pakistan Armed Forces.

Originally, a Pakistani air chief marshal's rank insignia was essentially the same as the RAF insignia. In 2006 the Pakistan Air Force changedthe rank insignia for its officers,^[11] abandoning the ring insignia in favor of a Turkish Air Force-style featuring four stars and a crossed swords and laurel device.

In Sri Lanka, only theChief of Defence Staff holds an activefour-star rank.^[12] RetiringCommanders of the Sri Lanka Air Force are promoted to the rank of air chief marshal as an outgoing honour. Air Chief MarshalDonald Perera was the first CDS appointed from the Air Force and Air Chief MarshalRoshan Goonetileke became the first serving Air Force Commander to be appointed to the rank of air chief marshal as part of the victory celebrations.

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Theofficer appointed to command theRoyal Thai Air Force has been promoted to the rank of air chief marshal (Thai:พลอากาศเอก,romanized: Phon Akat Ek) sincec. 1950. The present commander is Air Chief MarshalAlongkorn Wannarot who is supported by the Deputy Commander-in-Chief (currently Air Chief Marshal Chanon Mungthanya) and the Assistant Commander-in-Chief (currently Air Chief Marshal Punpakdee Pattanakul). If an air force officer is appointed to the position ofChief of Defence Forces (formerly Supreme Commander), then he has always held the rank of air chief marshal. The last air chief marshal to be appointed Supreme Commander was Air Chief Marshal Voranat Aphichari who retired in 1994.

In November 2007 it became known that Crown PrinceVajiralongkorn (now king of Thailand) had granted the title of Air Chief Marshal to his petpoodleFufu. The dog died in 2015.^[13][14]

Air chief marshal
Command flag
Shoulder and sleeve insignia
An RAF Air Chief Marshal star plate
Country	United Kingdom
Service branch	Royal Air Force
Abbreviation	Air Chf Mshl / ACM
Rank	Four-star
NATOrank code	OF-9
Formation	1 August 1919 (1919-08-01)
Next higher rank	Marshal of the Royal Air Force
Next lower rank	Air marshal
Equivalent ranks	General (Army;Marines) Admiral (Navy)

Prior to the adoption of RAF-specific rank titles in 1919, it was suggested that the RAF might use theRoyal Navy's officer ranks, with the word "air" inserted before the naval rank title. For example, the rank that later became air chief marshal would have been air admiral. TheAdmiralty objected to any use of their rank titles, including this modified form, and so an alternative proposal was put forward:air-officer ranks would be based on the term "ardian", which was derived from a combination of theGaelic words for "chief" (ard) and "bird" (eun), with the unmodified word "ardian" being used specifically for the equivalent to full admiral and general. However, air chief marshal was preferred and was adopted in August 1919.^[15] The rank was first used on 1 April 1922 with the promotion ofSir Hugh Trenchard.^[16] With Trenchard's promotion to marshal of the RAF on 1 January 1927, no officer held the rank until SirJohn Salmond was promoted on 1 January 1929. It has been used continuously ever since.

In the RAF, the rank of air chief marshal is held by the servingChief of the Air Staff (currentlyHarvey Smyth). Additionally, RAF officers appointed tofour-star tri-service posts hold the rank of air chief marshal. Throughout the history of the RAF,142 RAF officers have held the rank and it has also been awarded in an honorary capacity to senior members of theBritish Royal Family and allied foreign monarchs.

Although no serving RAF officer has been promoted to marshal of the Royal Air Force since the British defence cuts of the 1990s, British air chief marshals are not the most senior officers in the RAF as several officers continue to retain the RAF's highest rank. Additionally,Lord Stirrup was granted an honorary promotion to marshal of the Royal Air Force in 2014. The marshals are still to be found on the RAF's active list even though they have for all practical purposes retired.

The rank insignia consists of three narrow light blue bands (each on a slightly wider black band) over a light blue band on a broad black band. This is worn on the lower sleeves of the service dress jacket or on the shoulders of the flying suit or working uniform. The command flag for an RAF air chief marshal is defined by the two broad red bands running through the centre of the flag. The vehicle star plate for an RAF air chief marshal depicts four white stars (air chief marshal is a four-star rank) on an air force blue background.

• 
  (Royal Australian Air Force)^[2]
• 
  (Bangladesh Air Force)^[17]
• 
  (Ghana Air Force)^[18]
• 
  (Indian Air Force)^[19]
• 
  (Namibian Air Force)^[9]
• 
  (Nigerian Air Force)^[10]
• 
  (Pakistan Air Force)
• 
  (Sri Lanka Air Force)^[12]
• 
  (Royal Air Force)^[20]
• 
  (Air Force of Zimbabwe)^[21]

• Air force officer rank insignia
• British and U.S. military ranks compared
• Comparative military ranks

• The dictionary definition ofair chief marshal at Wiktionary

• Air force ranks
• Former military ranks of Canada
• Military ranks of Australia
• Military ranks of Sri Lanka
• Military ranks of the Commonwealth
• Military ranks of the Royal Air Force
• 1919 introductions

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