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| Ahmad Alaq | |
|---|---|
| Khan | |
.jpg) Sultan Ahmad Alaq meetingBabur in 1502. Painted by the Mughal artist Sanwlah, circa 1590 | |
| Khan of the Eastern Moghulistan | |
| Reign | 1487 – January or February 1504 |
| Coronation | 1487 |
| Predecessor | Yunus Khan |
| Successor | Mansur Khan |
| Born | 1465 |
| Died | January or February 1504 Aksu |
| Spouse | Sahib Daulat Begum |
| Issue | |
| House | Borjigin |
| Dynasty | Chagataids |
| Father | Yunus Khan |
| Mother | Shah Begum |
Sultan Ahmad Khan (Chagatai andPersian: سلطان احمد خان; b. 1465 – 1504), better known asAhmad Alaq was the Khan of EasternMoghulistan (Turpan Khanate) from 1487 to 1504. He was the second son ofYunus Khan. His mother wasShah Begum, fourth daughter ofBadakhshan princeLali.
Ahmad Alaq was a direct male-line descendant ofGenghis Khan, through his sonChagatai Khan.
During his father's lifetime Ahmad was behind several rebellions against him. When Yunus Khan took up residence inTashkent in 1484, Ahmad and a large body of Moghuls fled to the steppes. In 1487, Ahmad's father died and was succeeded in the territory he still controlled by another son,Mahmud Khan.
Ahmad's reign was marked by conflicts with several of his neighbors. Conflict in theMing Turpan Border Wars overHami with theMing DynastyChina resulted in an economic blockade of the region, which allowed the Chinese to eventually emerge victorious. A campaign against theMirza Abu Bakr Dughlat, of the Dughlats of the South-WestTarim Basin, who were in theory vassals of the Moghul khans, resulted in the temporary acquisition ofKashgar in around 1499. In the same year he concluded a peace agreement withMing China that gave him the opportunity to launch three expeditions against theKalmyks in the northern part of Moghulistan (Jettisu ), who occupied this region since the reign ofEsen Taishi and his son Amasanji Taishi . Ahmad twice completely defeated them. Because he slaughtered many Kalmyks during these expeditions he was nicknamed Alacha, i.e.Slaughterer.
In the early 16th century, Ahmad and Mahmud decided to counter the growing power of theUzbeks underMuhammad Shaybani. The two brothers united their forces and launched a campaign against the Uzbeks, but Muhammad Shaybani proved victorious in battle and took them both prisoner (Babur was also among his uncles' army and participated in this battle inFerghana Valley, that had turned into a disaster, but managed to flee south and hide in mountains with his mother,Kutluk Nigar Khanum, daughter ofYunus Khan, and a few followers). The two brothers were soon released, but Ahmad died shortly afterwards, in 1504. He was succeeded in Uyghurstan by his eldest sonMansur Khan.
According toMirza Muhammad Haidar, Dughlat he had 19 sons total, most prominent of whom were:
He had four daughters:
Genealogy of Chughatai Khanates
In Babr Nama written byBabur, Page 19, Chapter 1; described genealogy of his maternal grandfather Yunas Khan as:
"Yunas Khan descended from Chaghatai Khan, the secondson of Chingiz Khan (as follows,) Yunas Khan, son of WaisKhan, son of Sher-'ali Aughlon, son of Muhammad Khan, sonof Khizr Khwaja Khan, son of Tughluq-timur Khan, son ofAisan-bugha Khan, son of Dawa Khan, son of Baraq Khan,son of Yesuntawa Khan, son of Muatukan, son of ChaghataiKhan, son of Chingiz Khan"
| Preceded by | Moghul Khan(inTurpan) 1487–1504 | Succeeded by |
Mirza Muhammad Haidar Dughlat.Tarih-i-Rashidi ( History ofRashid ) orThe history of Moghuls. Written inKashmir inChagatai language in 1541-February,1547. Translated by Edward Denison Ross.London, 1895.ISBN 81-86787-02-X,ISBN 81-86787-00-3
M.Kutlukov.About emergence of theYarkand State.Almaty, 1990