31°19′33″N109°32′56″W / 31.32583°N 109.54889°W /31.32583; -109.54889
Agua Prieta, Sonora | |
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| Agua Prieta | |
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  Agua Prieta, Sonora  Agua Prieta, Sonora | |
| Coordinates:31°19′33″N109°32′56″W / 31.32583°N 109.54889°W /31.32583; -109.54889 | |
| Country |  Mexico |
| State | Sonora |
| Municipality | Agua Prieta |
| Settled | 1899 |
| Founded | 1903 |
| Incorporated | August 28, 1916 |
| Ascension to town status | May 8, 1933 |
| Ascension to city status | November 6, 1942 |
| Area | |
• Total | 3,631.65 km2 (1,402.2 sq mi) |
| Population (2020) | 91,029 |
Agua Prieta ("dark water") is a town in theAgua Prieta Municipality in the northeastern corner of theMexican state ofSonora. It stands on theMexico–U.S. border, adjacent to the town ofDouglas,Arizona. The municipality covers an area of 3,631.65 km2 (1,402.2 sq mi). In the 2010 census, the town had a population of 79,138 people, making it the seventh-largest community in the state, with a literacy rate of 96.3%.
The city's most important economic activities, in descending order, are industry, commerce and farming. 89% of the homes in the city have electricity, 94% have running water, and 86% are connected to the sewer system. The city is the location of theCFE Agua Prieta power plant. It is connected to the United States by theDouglas, Arizona Port of Entry, and is linked to the rest of Mexico by Federal Highways2 and17.
The town's name in Spanish literally means 'dark water', and it is known in theOpata language asBachicuy.[citation needed]
Agua Prieta city began at the end of the 19th century asrailroads were built between Douglas, Arizona, andNacozari, Sonora, to transport minerals and goods. As a result, the first settlers of the city, then just a few blocks, were those employed by the U.S. mining companyPhelps Dodge Corporation, which was based in Douglas, Arizona. One can say that the town was "founded" in 1899, but it was not until a "contract" was made in 1903 between officials and private citizens, to the name Camou, that area "pertaining" to those citizens was made a Commissary of Fronteras county. Agua Prieta city did not become an "independent head of municipality", with its current name and location, until August 28, 1916.Rodolfo L. Márquez was the new municipality's first president. It rose to the status ofvilla (town) on May 8, 1933, and it was "officially" placed in its current category of city relatively recently, on November 6, 1942.
The climate iscold semi-arid (Köppen:BSk). In a latitude over thegeographic subtropics, located in a plateau and in the interior of the continent gives a cold winter but at the same time a climatic pattern often dry and with great thermal amplitude during the day. And on the other hand the summer is very hot due to the absence of cloud cover and the air dry with average in the afternoon well above 30 °C. Most of the time there is no precipitation, but a considerable amount of rain falls between July and August.[1][2]
| Climate data for Agua Prieta (Infonavit 1), elevation: 1,210 metres (3,970 ft), 1951–2010 normals, extremes 1961–2016[a] | |||||||||||||
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| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 30.0 (86.0) | 32.0 (89.6) | 35.0 (95.0) | 38.0 (100.4) | 42.0 (107.6) | 45.0 (113.0) | 44.0 (111.2) | 42.0 (107.6) | 41.0 (105.8) | 38.0 (100.4) | 36.0 (96.8) | 31.0 (87.8) | 45.0 (113.0) |
| Mean maximum °C (°F) | 23.9 (75.0) | 24.2 (75.6) | 26.6 (79.9) | 31.1 (88.0) | 33.9 (93.0) | 39.0 (102.2) | 38.6 (101.5) | 36.5 (97.7) | 34.8 (94.6) | 33.2 (91.8) | 28.4 (83.1) | 24.3 (75.7) | 39.0 (102.2) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 16.6 (61.9) | 18.7 (65.7) | 22.0 (71.6) | 26.1 (79.0) | 30.8 (87.4) | 35.6 (96.1) | 35.1 (95.2) | 33.6 (92.5) | 31.8 (89.2) | 27.5 (81.5) | 21.6 (70.9) | 17.0 (62.6) | 26.4 (79.5) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 8.0 (46.4) | 9.8 (49.6) | 12.9 (55.2) | 16.6 (61.9) | 21.1 (70.0) | 25.9 (78.6) | 27.2 (81.0) | 26.1 (79.0) | 23.6 (74.5) | 18.2 (64.8) | 12.2 (54.0) | 8.2 (46.8) | 17.5 (63.5) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −0.7 (30.7) | 0.9 (33.6) | 3.7 (38.7) | 7.0 (44.6) | 11.5 (52.7) | 16.2 (61.2) | 19.4 (66.9) | 18.6 (65.5) | 15.6 (60.1) | 9.0 (48.2) | 2.9 (37.2) | −0.6 (30.9) | 8.6 (47.5) |
| Mean minimum °C (°F) | −5.7 (21.7) | −5.6 (21.9) | 0.4 (32.7) | 3.6 (38.5) | 7.7 (45.9) | 12.2 (54.0) | 17.3 (63.1) | 15.7 (60.3) | 12.9 (55.2) | 5.3 (41.5) | −0.4 (31.3) | −5.0 (23.0) | −5.7 (21.7) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −12.5 (9.5) | −12.0 (10.4) | −9.0 (15.8) | −3.5 (25.7) | −1.0 (30.2) | 2.1 (35.8) | 2.0 (35.6) | 10.0 (50.0) | 2.0 (35.6) | −4.0 (24.8) | −8.5 (16.7) | −19.5 (−3.1) | −19.5 (−3.1) |
| Averageprecipitation mm (inches) | 19.9 (0.78) | 17.1 (0.67) | 10.6 (0.42) | 6.3 (0.25) | 5.2 (0.20) | 12.2 (0.48) | 90.4 (3.56) | 81.4 (3.20) | 41.6 (1.64) | 23.4 (0.92) | 19.0 (0.75) | 28.1 (1.11) | 355.2 (13.98) |
| Average snowfall cm (inches) | 0.51 (0.2) | 0.25 (0.1) | 0.25 (0.1) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0.25 (0.1) | 0.76 (0.3) | 2.02 (0.8) |
| Average precipitation days(≥ 0.1 mm) | 3.5 | 3.3 | 2.1 | 1.6 | 1.3 | 2.0 | 11.2 | 9.3 | 5.2 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 3.9 | 48.8 |
| Average snowy days(≥ 0.1 in) | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 1 |
| Source 1:SMN | |||||||||||||
| Source 2:NOAA (snow days) | |||||||||||||
Los Apson was one of the most successful musical bands during the second half of the 60s; all original members originated from (A)gua (P)rieta, (Son)ora, hence their name. They led the phenomenon known in Mexico as the "northern invasion". Along with the British influence, Los Apson was one of the main decisive elements that brought new nuances to the Mexican musical movement.
The main sport in Agua Prieta is baseball, closely followed by soccer and basketball. Agua Prieta's professional baseball team is theToros de Agua Prieta. In 2012, Agua Prieta had its first everOlympian whenLuis Alberto Rivera represented Mexico in thelong jump at theXXX Olympic Games inLondon, UK.
Agua Prieta II is the first integrated solar combined cycle (ISCC) power plant in Mexico – one of the first power plants of its type in the world – and it is being equipped with the SPPA-E3000 low-voltage switchgear solution fromSiemens Mexico Energy. Agua Prieta II is a combined-cycle power plant (CCPP) that has been extended with a solar field and parabolic trough collectors. In this type of power plant, the steam generated by the solar field is fed into the water-steam cycle of the CCPP to increase steam turbine output and reduce carbon dioxide emissions. The power plant in Mexico will have an output of approximately 465 Megawatts (MW) with a contribution from the solar field of 12 MW, it will supply electricity to northwest Mexico. The end customer is the Mexican state power providerComisión Federal de Electricidad, which already operates two plants of the same type inMorocco andAlgeria.
Agua Prieta is home to severalmaquiladoras, includingLevolor, Commercial Vehicle Group,Joyson Safety Systems,Velcro, Standex-Meder Electronics, and Alstyle Apparel & Activewear (Gildan).[3]
ThePlan of Agua Prieta was a political manifesto signed in the city of Agua Prieta on April 23, 1920, by the governor of Sonora,Adolfo de la Huerta, andPlutarco Elías Calles in support ofÁlvaro Obregón, with the principal objective of bringing an end to the presidency ofVenustiano Carranza, who was forced to flee Mexico City and was killed a month later. The Plan of Agua Prieta used as its political banner the 1917 Constitution, with which Carranza had not complied. It also advocated the convening of elections, appointed Huerta as supreme commander of the Constitutionalist Army, and dictated the rules for electing a provisional president, resulting in Huerta being named president by Congress in June.
Agua Prieta played an important role in theMexican Revolution.Plutarco Elías Calles andLázaro Cárdenas, two future presidents of Mexico, both lived in the town during its early years. In 1914, the Hotel Central, a now-demolished hotel in the center of the city, was the seat of Carranza's constitutional government.[4] In 1915,Pancho Villa made anight attack on Agua Prieta that was repelled by the forces ofPlutarco Elías Calles, assisted by large searchlights (possibly powered by American electricity). ThePlan de Agua Prieta, a manifesto which called for the rejection of the government headed byVenustiano Carranza, was signed in acuriosity shop near the international border in 1920. The army headed by Álvaro Obregón eventually deposed Carranza.
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