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Aggregate (geology)

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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Geological mass

For other uses, seeAggregate (disambiguation).

Crystal aggregate (lapis lazuli from Afghanistan)

Construction aggregate (a gravel pit in Germany)

In theEarth sciences,aggregate has three possible meanings.

Inmineralogy andpetrology, an aggregate is a mass ofmineral crystals,mineraloid particles orrock particles.^[1]^[2] Examples aredolomite, which is an aggregate of crystals of themineral dolomite,^[3] and rock gypsum, which is an aggregate of crystals of the mineralgypsum.^[4]Lapis lazuli, for another example, is a type of rock composed of an aggregate of crystals of many minerals includinglazurite,pyrite,phlogopite,calcite,potassium feldspar,wollastonite and somesodalite group minerals.^[5]

Inpedology, an aggregate is a mass ofsoil particles. If it has formed naturally, it can be called aped; if formed artificially, it can be called a clod.^[6]

In theconstruction industry, in contrast to the Earth sciences, an aggregate (often referred to asconstruction aggregate) issand,gravel or crushed rock that has beenmined orquarried for use as abuilding material.

Construction aggregate examples

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basalt

Use in industry

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Aggregates are used extensively in the construction industry.^[9]^[10] Often in makingconcrete, a construction aggregate is used,^[4]with about 6 billion tons of concrete produced per year.^[11]

References

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^Neuendorf, K.K.E.; Mehl, J.P. Jr.; Jackson, J.A., eds. (2005).Glossary of Geology (5th ed.). Alexandria, Virginia: American Geological Institute. p. 11.
^Abel, Mara; Lorenzatti, Alexandre; Rama Fiorini, Sandro; Carbonera, Joel (2015).Ontological analysis of the lithology data in PPDM well core model. PNEC Conferences. Houston. p. 3. Retrieved27 March 2017.
^Teichert, Curt (1965).Devonian Rocks and Paleogeography of Arizona (US Geological Survey Professional Paper 464)(PDF). Washington DC:USGS. p. 150.
^^a ^bJessica Elzea Kogel (2006).Industrial Minerals & Rocks: Commodities, Markets, and Uses (7th ed.). SME. p. 522.ISBN 978-0-87335-233-8.
^T. Calligaro; Y. Coquinot; L. Pichon; B. Moignard (2011). "Advances in elemental imaging of rocks using the AGLAE external microbeam".Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B.269 (20):2364–2372.Bibcode:2011NIMPB.269.2364C.doi:10.1016/j.nimb.2011.02.074.
^Allaby, Ailsa; Allaby, Michael (1999).A Dictionary of Earth Sciences (2nd ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.ISBN 0-19-280079-5.
^Same Day Aggregates:Types of Aggregates - Same Day Aggregates Archived 2019-04-06 at theWayback Machine, accessdate: March 25, 2017
^Indiana Mineral Aggregates Association | Carmel, IN:What are aggregates? - Indiana Mineral Aggregates Association | Carmel, IN, accessdate: March 25, 2017
^Introduction (1): What are Aggregates? « Herefordshire & Worcestershire Earth Heritage Trust:Introduction (1): What are Aggregates? « Herefordshire & Worcestershire Earth Heritage Trust Archived 2019-02-09 at theWayback Machine, accessdate: March 23, 2017
^Define Aggregate at Dictionary.com:aggregate, accessdate: March 23, 2017
^Qasrawi, Hisham; Marie, Iqbal (2013)."Towards Better Understanding of Concrete Containing Recycled Concrete Aggregate".Advances in Materials Science and Engineering.2013:1–8.doi:10.1155/2013/636034.