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Africanization

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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Making something African

Africanization can also refer toAfricanized "killer" bees.

Africanization or Africanisation (lit., making something African) has been applied in various contexts, notably in geographic and personal naming and in the composition of the civil service via processes such asindigenization.^[1]

Africanization of names

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Africanization has referred to the modification of place names and personal names to reflect an "African" identity. In some cases, changes are not only of transliteration but of the European name.^[2]

In many cases during the colonial period, African placenames wereAnglicized orFrancized.

Place names

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Country names

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Various African countries have undergone name changes during the previous century as the result of consolidations andsecessions, territories gainingsovereignty, andregime changes.

Previous name	Year	Current name
Dahomey, Republic of	1975	Benin, Republic of
Bechuanaland Protectorate	1966	Botswana, Republic of
Upper Volta	1984	Burkina Faso
Ubangi-Shari	1958	Central African Republic
Zaire, Republic of	1997	Congo, Democratic Republic of the
Middle Congo	1960	Congo, Republic of the
French Somaliland /Afars and Issas	1977	Djibouti, Republic of
Spanish Guinea	1968	Equatorial Guinea, Republic of
Swaziland, Kingdom of	2018	Eswatini, Kingdom of
Gold Coast	1957	Ghana, Republic of
French Guinea	1958	Guinea, Republic of
Portuguese Guinea	1974	Guinea-Bissau, Republic of
Basutoland, Territory of	1966	Lesotho, Kingdom of
Nyasaland Protectorate	1964	Malawi, Republic of
French Sudan	1960	Mali, Republic of
South-West Africa	1990	Namibia, Republic of
Ruanda-Urundi	1962	Rwanda, Republic of /Burundi, Republic of
Zanzibar /Tanganyika	1964	Tanzania, United Republic of
Northern Rhodesia	1964	Zambia, Republic of
Southern Rhodesia	1980	Zimbabwe, Republic of

Other place names

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Fernando Po island changed toBioko Island
Léopoldville changed toKinshasa
Salisbury changed toHarare
Lourenço Marques changed toMaputo
Nova Lisboa changed toHuambo
Fort Lamy changed toN'Djaména
Tananarive changed toAntananarivo
Bathurst changed toBanjul
Santa Isabel/Port Clarence changed toMalabo
Élisabethville changed toLubumbashi
Stanleyville changed toKisangani
Luluabourg changed toKananga
Ponthierville changed toUbundu
Novo Redondo changed toSumbe
Moçâmedes changed to Namibe, but changed back toMoçâmedes in 2016
Abercorn changed toMbala
Broken Hill changed toKabwe
Fort Jameson changed toChipata
Hartley changed toChegutu
Fort Victoria changed toMasvingo
Many places whose names were of European origin in South Africa have undergone Africanization since 1994; seeSouth African Geographical Names Council.
Port Elizabeth changed toGqeberha in 2021.

Personal names

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Joseph-Désiré Mobutu changed toMobutu Sese Seko
François Tombalbaye changed toN'Garta Tombalbaye
Étienne Eyadéma changed toGnassingbé Eyadéma
Francisco Macías Nguema changed to Masie Nguema Biyogo Ñegue Ndong

Sometimes, the name change can be used to reflect a change of faith, most prominently seen in the case ofIslam. (SeeIslamic name.)
Examples:

Albert-Bernard Bongo changed toOmar Bongo
Dawda Jawara changed to David Jawara in 1953
Jean-Bédel Bokassa changed to Salah Eddine Ahmed Bokassa

Africanization of civil services

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In some countries after following their independence, "Africanization" was the name given toracial policies andaffirmative action, which were intended to increase the number of indigenous Africans in thecivil service.

Localization in African languages

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The term Africanization, abbreviated as thenumeronym "A12n," has been applied to discussion ofinternationalization and localization of software and content inAfrican languages.

References

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^African Successes Four Public Managers of Kenyan Rural Development David K. Leonard UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS
^Edgar A. Gregersen (1977).Language in Africa: An Introductory Survey. CRC Press.ISBN 0-677-04380-5.

Pan-Africanism

Ideology

Variants	African nationalism African socialism Afrocentrism Anti-imperialism Anti-Western sentiment Black nationalism Garveyism Nkrumaism Sankarism Uhuru Movement Zikism
Concepts	African century Black power Négritude Ubuntu Ujamaa Decolonisation United States of Africa

Proponents

Politicians

Others

Organizations

Educational

Political

Symbols

Dynamics

Cultural assimilation

Africa	Africanization Swahilization Wolofization Zairianization
Americas	Americanization immigrants names Native Americans Araucanization Canadianization Chilenization Colombianization Hawaiianization Mexicanization
Asia	Arabization Berbers Blacks Azerbaijanization surnames Talysh Bengalization placenames Indianization placenames Indonezation Israelization names Japanization Japanification Javanization Kazakhization Koreanization Kurdification Malayization Mongolization Pakistanization Pashtunization Northern Afghanistan Persianization societies Rajputisation Russification Finland Saffronization Sanskritization Sinhalization Sinicization Manchus Tibet Vietnam Sovietization Talibanization Taiwanization Tamilization Thaification Turkification placenames surnames Turkmenization Uzbekization Vietnamization Westernization
Europe	Albanization Anglicization Belarusization soft Bosniakization Bulgarization Celticization Croatization Czechization Dutchification Estonianization Europeanization Westernization Finnicization Francization Africa Brussels Gaelicization Georgification Germanization Hellenization Hispanicization or Castilianization Italianization Jewish assimilation Latvianization Lithuanization Lusitanization Magyarization or Hungarianization Macedonianization Montenegrinization Norwegianization Polonization Romanianization Romanization or Latinization names Serbianization Slavicization Slovakization Swedification of Scania Ukrainization

Assimilation by religions	Christianization Hinduization Islamization Judaization
Assimilation by writings	Cyrillization Soviet Union Romanization of the writings Soviet Union