Adolf Rutenberg | |
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| Born | (1808-10-30)October 30, 1808 Berlin, Germany |
| Died | December 6, 1869(1869-12-06) (aged 61) Berlin, Germany |
Adolf Friedrich Rutenberg (30 October 1808 – December 1869) was a German geography teacher,Young Hegelian and journalist. He was a close friend of German philosophersKarl Marx andMax Stirner. He was alongsideBruno Bauer as one of two reported mourners at Stirner's graveside.
Rutenberg was the son of Adolph Friedrich Rutenberg, a shoemaker fromMecklenburg, and his wife Dorothea Elisabeth Dohrmann, who had moved to Berlin shortly before his birth and acquired local citizenship. He attended theFriedrich Wilhelm Gymnasium, where he metBruno Bauer, who was one year above him and later became his brother-in-law.[1] He studiedphilosophy,philology andtheology from 1828 to 1831 at theHumboldt University of Berlin. In the winter of 1828/29, he attendedGeorg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel's lectures onaesthetics andphilosophy of history.[2] In 1831, he transcribed Hegel's lecture on thephilosophy of religion.[3]
After passing his exams in philosophy, philology and theology, Rutenberg taught at various schools in Berlin for nine years. From 1838, he taught geography at the cadet school in Neuen Friedrichstraße, but was dismissed two years later for "drunkenness" and/or "political reasons". He then worked for various magazines, includingArnold Ruge'sHallische Jahrbiicher.[citation needed]
In Berlin he joined the Doctor's Club, a philosophical debating circle of young lecturers and students in advanced semesters, among whichKarl Marx,Karl Friedrich Köppen,Bruno andEdgar Bauer, and Ludwig Buhl. At this time, he developed a close friendship with Marx, describing Marx to his father as "the most intimate of Berlin's friends".[4]
On 25 March 1838, Rutenberg married Anna Bertha Spiller, the 25-year-old daughter of a locksmith, in Berlin.[5] Their daughter Agatha was born in the same year on 10 December and baptized on 3 February 1839 atSt. Nicholas Church, Berlin.[6] He later had two sons: the lawyer Adolph Bruno (b. 5 April 1840) and the sculptor Walter (b. 29 December 1858).
In November 1841 Georg Jung invited Rutenberg to be the first editor of theRheinische Zeitung.[7] On 2 February 1842,[8] upon the suggestion of Karl Marx,[9] he became the newspaper's editor-in-chief in Cologne.[10] He was responsible for editorial articles about Germany and Prussia.[11] In September 1842, during the celebrations of the rebuilding of theCologne Cathedral,Hoffmann von Fallersleben visited Rutenberg.[12] However, the editorial board became dissatisfied with Rutenberg and on 15 October 1842 dismissed him and replaced him with Marx.[13] He then returned to Berlin and joined a circle calledDie Freien ("The Free [Ones]"), of whichMax Stirner also took part.
Rutenberg was later invited byCarl Theodor Welcker to contribute to his geopolitical encyclopediaStaatslexikons: Encyklopädie der sämmtlichen Staatswissenschaften für alle Stände. He wrote the articles "Poland", "Prussia (Statistics)"; "Serbia (History)"; "Sina, China"; "Turkey, Ottoman Empire" and "Radical, Radicalism". Journalist and historianGustav Mayer praised the latter.[14]
On 1 April 1848, he founded the National-Zeitung in Berlin, which he edited until the September Crisis of 1848. He took an active role in theMarch Revolution.[citation needed]
During his last years, he worked as a journalist for thePreußische (Adler) Zeitung (1851-1853) and the Royal Prussian State Gazette (1851-1871) and is said to have turned to theNational Liberals.[citation needed]
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