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Administrative divisions of the Maldives

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Each administrative atoll is marked, along with thethaana letter used to identify the atoll. Natural atolls are labelled in light blue.Full view of the map
This article is part of a series on the
Politics of the
Maldives

Theadministrative divisions of the Maldives refers to the various units of government that providelocal government services in theMaldives. According to the Decentralization Act 2010, the administrative divisions of the Maldives would consist of atolls, islands, and cities; each is administered by its ownlocal council, under the basic terms ofhome rule. Geographically, theMaldives are formed by a number of naturalatolls plus a few islands and isolated reefs which form a pattern from north to south. Administratively, there are currently 189 islands, 18 atolls and 4 cities in theMaldives.

Background

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During the Gayoom presidency

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During the presidency ofMaumoon Abdul Gayyoom, the administrative divisions consisted of 20 administrative atolls, all controlled by the central government inMalé.

During the Nasheed presidency

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Seven provinces

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In 2008, in an attempt ofdecentralization, theNasheed government divided the country into seven provinces. According to this system, the bill submitted by the government to decentralize the country was passed with the support of opposition-majorityparliament, with their amendments to the bill. The final bill passed in 2010 by the parliament and ratified by the president saw the country's decentralisation as 21 constituencies.

The seven provinces were the following, followed by the atolls grouped within:

The seven provinces closely correspond to the historic divisions ofUthuru Boduthiladhunmathi.Dhekunu Boduthiladhunmathi,Uthuru Medhu-Raajje,Medhu-Raajje,Dhekunu Medhu-Raajje,Huvadhu (Suvadive, Suvaidu or Suvadiva)[1][2][3][4] andAddumulah.

Decentralization

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On 15 October 2010, the government released a finalized list of the administrative constituencies established under the Decentralization Act. It listed 189 administrative constituencies. Out of these constituencies:

  • 4 constituencies were declared "cities", as according to the criteria for determining cities in this act. These constituencies wereMalé,Fuvahmulah,Kulhudhuffushi andSeenu Atoll. After a referendum among the people, Seenu Atoll was renamed "Addu City". Each city would be served by a city council.
  • 189 constituencies were declared "islands", as according to the criteria for determining islands in this act. These islands are grouped together into 17 atolls. Each atoll shall be served by an atoll council (which will be located on the capital island of the respective atoll), under which each island has its own island council.

Therefore, the final organization of the administrative divisions are as below:

  • 17 atolls
  • 4 cities
  • 189 islands

National offices

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Although the earlier provincial decentralization was rejected by Parliament, PresidentNasheed reinstated the concept through "National Administrations". The National Administrations of Maldives were in the same divisions as the earlier provinces, and the previous province offices were reinstated as the office of that National Administration, to which the atoll councils reported to accordingly. The National Administrations acted as an extension of the central government inMale' for the convenience of dealing with regional affairs. The National Administrations operated under the Ministry of Home Affairs.The seven National Administrations were:-

  • Upper North National Administration
  • North National Administration
  • North Central National Administration
  • Central National Administration
  • South Central National Administration
  • Upper South National Administration
  • South National Administration

Each administration was headed by a state minister assigned by thepresident.

All 7 National Offices were abolished by theWaheed administration on 24 April 2012.[5]

Divisions

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The first-level divisions are cities and atolls.

City

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A city is an inhabited area with a population of 10,000+. The criteria also includes a certain level of economic development and facilities available. A city has a "city council" which governs over the affairs of the city, and keeps communication with the central government. A city will not be included within an administrative atoll. A city has further subdivisions called "wards" or "districts". A city council will also govern over any uninhabited islands or resort islands within its designated area.There are five cities in Maldives:Malé,Addu,Fuvahmulah,Kulhudhuffushi, andThinadhoo. Thinadhoo became a city in 2023.[6]

Atoll

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The administrative definition of an "atoll" differs from the actual meaning of the word 'atoll'. While naturally, an "atoll" refers to a ring of islands, an "atoll" in the administrative sense, refers to a group of "island" class constituencies, not necessarily within the requirements of a natural atoll. While the majority of administrative atolls are indeed natural atolls, there are exceptions. Each administrative atoll has an "atoll council" which monitors the work of the "island councils" in the atoll, and keep communications with the central government. An atoll council also governs all uninhabited islands and resort islands in their area.There are 20 atolls in Maldives.

Island

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Main article:List of islands of the Maldives

The administrative definition of an "island" differs from the actual meaning of the word 'island'. While naturally, an "island" refers to a land-mass surrounded by water, an "island" in the administrative sense, refers to a specified inhabited area within an administrative atoll, which is governed over by an "island council", though the majority of "island" class constituencies are indeed natural islands. There are 189 such islands, each with its own island council. (Except forFelivaru,Lhaviyani Atoll)

Codes and names of the administrative divisions

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Every first-level administrative division of the Maldives have the following:

  1. An official name, for exampleThiladhunmathi Uthuruburi (meaning Thiladhunmathi North).
    This corresponds to the geographical Maldivian name of the Atoll.
  2. A Maldivian code letter, for example:Haa Alifu. When there are two letters, the second stands either for"North" (Alifu) or for"South" (Dhaalu). Alifu means Uthuruburi, and Dhaalu means Dhekunuburi.
    This code was adopted for convenience. It began in order to facilitate radio communication between the atolls and the central administration. As there are certain islands in different atolls that have the same name, for administrative purposes this code is quoted before the name of the island: for example, Baa Funadhoo, Kaafu Funadhoo, Gaafu-Alifu Funadhoo. This code denomination has been very much misused by foreigners and tourists who do not understand the proper use of these names, and the true Maldivian names have often been ignored in publications for tourists. Maldivians may use the letter code name in colloquial conversation, but in serious geographic, historical or cultural writings, the true geographical name always takes precedence.
  1. A Latin code letter, for example: (A).
    The Latin code letter is normally used in boat registration plates. The letter stands for the atoll and the number for the island.

Each atoll has a capital island. All islands of every atoll have their own official name.All cities have an official name, and names for their subdivisions. They also have a Latin code letter assigned to them.

Traditionally, Maldivians call the atolls ending in '-madulu' or '-mathi' by their name without adding the word 'Atoll' at the end. For example, it is correct to write simplyKolhumadulu, without adding the word 'Atholhu' or 'Atoll'. This is also the case in the atoll known asFaadhippolhu as well as the small detached atoll ofFuvahmulah.

First-level administrative divisions

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Atolls

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ISO 3166-2:MVLatin LetterCode Abbr.Local letterCode NameOfficial nameCapitalPopulation
(2022 census)[7]
MV-07AHAހއHaa AlifThiladhunmathi UthuruburiDidhdhoo14,623
MV-24CShށShaviyaniMiladhunmadulu UthuruburiFunadhoo13,698
MV-25DNނNoonuMiladhunmadulu DhekunuburiManadhoo12,503
MV-13ERރRaaMaalhosmadulu UthuruburiU'ngoofaaru17,581
MV-20FBބBaaMaalhosmadulu DhekunuburiEydhafushi10,631
MV-03GLhޅLhaviyaniFaadhippolhuNaifaru8,992
MV-26HKކKaafuMalé AtholhuThulusdhoo17,749
MV-02UAAއއAlif AlifAri Atholhu UthuruburiRasdhoo8,017
MV-00IADhއދAlif DhaalAri Atholhu DhekunuburiMahibadhoo10,540
MV-04JVވVaavuFelidhu AtholhuFelidhoo1,995
MV-12KMމMeemuMulak AtholhuMuli5,490
MV-14LFފFaafuNilandhe Atholhu UthuruburiNilandhoo4,869
MV-17MDhދDhaaluNilandhe Atholhu DhekunuburiKudahuvadhoo6,637
MV-08NThތThaaKolhumaduluVeymandoo10,260
MV-05OLލLaamuHaddhunmathiFonadhoo14,699
MV-27PGAގއGaafu AlifHuvadhu Atholhu UthuruburiVillingili9,190

Cities

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ISO 3166-2:MVLatin LetterCode Abbr.Local letterCode NameOfficial nameCapitalPopulation
(2022 census)[8]
MV-MLET--MaléMalé CityMalé211,908
MV-29RGnޏGnaviyaniFuvahmulah CityFuvahmulah9,177
MV-01SSސSeenu/AdduAddu CityHithadhoo25,062
MV-23BHDhހދHaa DhaaluKulhudhuffushi CityKulhudhuffushi10,131
MV-28QGDhގދGaafu DhaaluHuvadhu Atholhu DhekunuburiThinadhoo12,758

Second-level administrative divisions

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Main article:List of islands of the Maldives § List of inhabited islands and districts by population

See also

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References

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  1. ^"Thaajudheen Chronicles".Thaajudheen Chronicles.
  2. ^Romero-Frias, Xavier."Symbols of the Suvadive State"(PDF).Symbols of the Suvadive State.
  3. ^Hecker, Hellmuth (27 July 2021)."Verfassung Und Recht in Übersee / Law and Politics in Africa, Asia and Latin America".Die Republic im Indischen Ozean: Verfassungsentwicklung und Rechtsstellung der Malediven." Verfassung und Recht in Übersee / Law and Politics in Africa, Asia and Latin America.2 (4):425–435.JSTOR 43107982.Suvadiva (oder Huwadu) und Addu sind die beiden südlichsten Atolle der Malediven
  4. ^Hecker, Hellmuth (1969)."Verfassung Und Recht in Übersee / Law and Politics in Africa, Asia and Latin America".Die Republik Im Indischen Ozean: Verfassungsentwicklung und Rechtsstellung der Malediven.2 (4):425–435.JSTOR 43107982.Suvadiva (oder Huwadu)
  5. ^"President abolishes National Offices and National Office Units".Haveeru Daily. 24 April 2012. Archived fromthe original on 7 December 2013. Retrieved27 April 2013.
  6. ^"Pres Solih grants city status to GDh. Thinadhoo".Avas.
  7. ^"Table P2: Resident population by place of enumeration and administrative division and intercensal growth rate, 2022 & 2014"(PDF).2022 Maldives Census. Maldives Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved5 September 2024.
  8. ^"Table P5: Resident Population by island and sex, 2022"(PDF).2022 Maldives Census. Maldives Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved5 September 2024.
  • Muhammadu Ibrahim Lutfee.Divehiraajjege Jōgrafīge Vanavaru. G.Sōsanī. Malé 1999.
  • Hasan A. Maniku.The Islands of Maldives. Novelty. Male 1983.
  • Hasan A. Maniku.Changes in the Topography of the Maldives. Novelty. Male 1990.
  • Inaaz A. Wahhab.The katheeb of the island. Kaamaraa. Male 1970.

External links

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Atolls
Maldives
Cities
Articles on first-leveladministrative divisions of Asian countries
Sovereign states
Table of administrative divisions by country
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