This articleneeds attention from an expert in India. The specific problem is:Many of the details of the article require a local resident or expert in the administration of the state of Haryana is required.WikiProject India may be able to help recruit an expert.(October 2019)
Haryana, formed on 1 November 1966, is a state inNorth India. For the administrative purpose, Haryana is divided into 6 revenue divisions which are further divided into 22 districts. For Law and Order maintenance, it is divided into 5Police Ranges and 4Police Commissionerates.[1][2][3][4][5]
Administration of Haryana is divided into Revenue divisions composed of districts. Districts are further subdivided in totehsils of the revenue administration and theCommunity development blocks for the development work.
There are 6 command areas based on the systems of arterial supply canal and its end user branches and feeders.
Bhakra Canal Command: Fed bySutlej river, controlsBhakra Canal network within northern Haryana along Punjab border in the districts of Kaithal, northern Jind (Narwana), Sirsa, Fatehabad, parts of Hisar (down to Hisar city).
Yamuna Canal Command: Fed byWestern Yamuna Canal, controls this network within northeastern, east and central Haryana in the districts of Karnal, Jind, Rohtak, Hansi-I area of Hisar, Tosham, Bhiwani, Jhajjar, Sonepat, Panipat, and Karnal.
Siwani Canal Command: Fed by Western Yamuna Canal command, covers Siwani, Isharwal, Jhumpa areas of Bhiwani district.
Jui Canal Command: Fed by Western Yamuna Canal command, covers narrow tract of Kairu and Jui in Bhiwani district.
Loharu Canal Command: Fed by Western Yamuna Canal command, covers districts of Charkhi Dadri and Loharu and Bahal areas of Bhiwani.
JNL Canal Command: Fed by Western Yamuna Canal command, covers districts of Rewari and Mahendragarh.
Gurugaon Canal Command: Fed by Western Yamuna Canal command, covers tract of Gurugaon, Nuh, Ferozepur Jhirka, Faridabad city, etc.
Agra Canal Command: Directly fed by Yamuna river, covers narrow tract of Ballabhgarh and Palwal district.
Police ranges of Haryana, total 5 in number, each headed by an officer not below the rank of ADG of Police reporting to the Director General of Police, are as follows (c. September 2018):[13]
There are 2 Forests Protections zone and 4 Forests circles/divisions, i.e. 2 circles per zone.[14]
Forests Protection zone-1: Panchkula, covers geographical northern half of Haryana.[14] It consists of North Forests Circle/Division which covers northeast geographical quadrant of Haryana including Shivalik Hills and down to Sonipat[14] and West Forests Circle/Division which Covers northwest geographical quadrant of Haryana including Sirsa, Hisar, Jind.[14]
Forests Protection zone-2: Based at Gurugram, covers geographical southern half of Haryana.[14] It consists of Central Forests Circle/Division which covers central geographical quadrant of Haryana including Rohtak, Jhajjar, Charkhi Dadri, Bhiwani, Mahendragarh etc.[14] and South Forests Circle/Division which covers geographical South Haryana including Faridabad, Nuh, Palwal, etc.[14]
There are two Wildlife zones, each headed by the Chief Conservator of Wildlife.[14]
Wildlife North zone: Based at Panchkula, covers geographical northern half of Haryana including Shivalik Hills to Sirsa, to Hisar to Rohtak.[14]
Wildlife South zone: Based at Gurugram, covers geographical southern half of Haryana including Charkhi Dadri, Bhiwani, Mahendragarh, Nuh, palwal, Gurugram, Faridabad, etc.[14]
Haryana is bounded by the Shivalik (Himalaya's foothills) in the northeast, Yamuna in the east which enters Haryana in the northeast from Shivalik hills and it forms the natural border between Haryana andUttar Pradesh, Aravalli inSouth Haryana which also includes Mewat and Ahirawal as well as parts of Vedic era region of Braj and Matsya, Bagar tract in the west along the Haryana-Rajasthan border, and in the north it is bounded by the channel ofGhaggar River (paleoSarasvati River, including its tributary present dayChautang which is paleo channel of vedic eraDrishadvati river) along Haryana-Punjab border.
Regions, clockwise from northeast, are as follows.
GT Road belt is the geographical area on either side of theGrand Trunk Road from Delhi to Ambala. Upland areas around Indri north of Karnal is calledNardak. The road itself lies inside the unflooded Bangar area roughly along the demarcation between Yamuna bangar and Yamuna Khadir. GT Road is a new term for the ancient vedic era route which was later rehabilitated byAshoka (268 to 232 BCE),Harsha (c. 590–647 CE), andSher Shah Suri (1486 – 22 May 1545), etc.
Deshwal region of Haryana covers the districts of Panipat, Sonipat, Rohtak, Jhajjar, southern part of Jind. Sometimes, its definition is widened to include the southwest Kurukshetra, southern Kaithal, non-bagar tracts of Hisar and Bhiwani as well as Charkhi Dadri. Deshwal region covers both bangar and Khadir areas. The area within Deshwal to the east of Grant Trunk Road is called Deshwali khadir which gets flooded and the unflooded area to the west of Grant Trunk Road in Deshwal region is called Deshwali khadir. Comparatively, a much larger area of Deshwal in Haryana is bangar (unflooded upland) area.
Nardak ("high tract" or bangar) is a region in western and northern parts ofKarnal district in northeastern area ofHaryana state of India. All definitions of this area includeAssandh,Nissing andNilokheriCommunity Development Blocks (CDB) in western and northern parts ofKarnal district, and it ends in the north of Karnal city atIndri where Nardak,Khadir and Bangar areas ofYamuna river basin meet.[15]Nardak is a title of theKurukshetra from the words"Nirdukh", meaning the"painless".[16] Nardak is the high tract, hence a sub-region ofbangar (unflooded) region of Yamuna river.
Khadir (खादर) is any low-lyingfloodplains of a river usually relatively narrower compared to unfloodedbangar area. Khadar areas are prone to flooding and sometimes includeportions of former river-beds that became available for agriculture when ariver changes course. It is moisture retentive and sticky when wet.[17][18]Khadir soil consists of newalluvial soil relatively higher in newsilt content from the river, gets replenished with each flooding cycle, and is often very fertile.[18] Haryana has two such floodplains, Yamuna Khadir and Nali.
Yamuna Khadir, or simplyKhadir, is a fertile floodland area lying between the Yamuna river and theGrand Trunk Road, i.e. eastern parts of Sonepat, Panipat, Karnal and Kurukshetra as well as southeastern Yamunanagr district.
Aravalli in South Haryana: Ahirwal, Braj and Mewat
Braj includesPalwal district andFaridabad district. 84 kos Braj Mandal Parikrama also passes by many villages in Palwal district. This Parikrama starts fromBanchari.
Kuru including Gurugram and Faridabad, Palwal in Aravali area. Kuru also extended along Yamuna to Kurukshetra.
Matsya Narnaul, Rewari, Mahendergarh, Kanina, Nuh, etc. which also corresponds with the present day Ahirawal and Mewat regions.
Bighoto: Historic region which covered present day districts of Rewari and Mahendragarh.
Chandain: Historic region, which covered 12 villages of Taoru, was a subdivision of the bigger Bighoto region, which in turn was part ofAlwar State. This region overlaps with and also lies entirely within Mewat.
Dhundhoti: Historic region which covered present day districts of Gurugram has its seat of power atGarhi Harsaru.
Medieval and present day regions:
Ahirwal:Ahir dominated areas such as Narnaul, Rewari, Kanina, Mahendergarh and parts of Faridabad district
Mewat: narrow tract in Haryana inNuh district from Nuh city ion the north toFerozepur Jhirka in the south and tillUjina andUttawar in the east. Mewat,Meo-dominated area, covers much larger area which spans the contiguous area in Rajasthan.
This area lies in the Ghaggar-Chautangdoab in northwestern Haryana bounded by Narvana, Hansi, Hisar and Ellenabad. It is considered as one of the most productive farmland areas in Haryana with a high yield of wheat, rice, mustard, kinnow, green leafy vegetables and cotton especially.
These are areas along either side of Ghaggar that do not get flooded. They lie in the district of Jind (Narwana), Fatehabad, north Hisar and Sirsa. This basin has numerousSarasvati-Indus Valley civilisation sites.
Nali area, or simplyNali (नाळी), is the fertile floodland Khadir area in Fatehabad and Sirsa districts between theGhaggar river and the southern limits of theSaraswati palaeochannel depression that gets flooded during the rains.[24] It includes areas such as Sardulgarh on Punjab-Haryana Border, Rori, Mirpur, Panniwala Motta, Rania, Jiwan Nagar and Ellenabad in Sirsa District and Tibi of adjacent Tibi tehsil in Hanumangarh District of Rajasthan. Parts of this also lie in Narwana (north Jind region).Kunal is an important Sarasvati-Indus Valley civilisation site on the paleo bank of Sarasvati (Ghaggar) river.
The area which get flooded along Chautang include low lying areas of Jind, Hansi, Hisar. This is the paleo channel of Drishadvati. The Sarasvati-Indus Valley civilisation sites on the paleo channel of Drishadvati areRakhigarhi,Lohari Ragho,Banawali andSothi which lies in the western Haryana districts of Hisar, Fatehabad and Sirsa.
HSIIDC has developed at least 11 specialised"Industrial Clusters and Theme Parks", 24"Industrial Estate (IE)" (each with an area larger than at least 610 ha (1,500 acres)),"Industrial Model Township (IMT)" (smaller than 610 ha (1,500 acres)), and an IT Park (denoted by double asterisk or star symbol). Haryana has at least 24 IEs, 7 IMT, an IT Park, and severalIntegrated Multimodel Logistics Hubs (IMLH) in the state of Haryana.[25][26]
Sarsuti-Ghaggar doab: It is the only extant doab which covers the entire length of northern border of Haryana with Punjab, i.e. districts of Panchkula, eastern Yamunanagar, Ambala, northern Kurukshetra, Kaithal, northern Jind, northern Fatehabad and northern Sirsa.
Sarasvati-Yamuna doab / Ghaggar-Yamuna doab: Almost all of the northern border of Haryana is roughly defined by the course of present-day seasonalSarsuti river, which is one of manyPalaeochannel ofSarasvati river. It is now the tributary of present-dayGhaggar river, which is currently the most voluminous or main ramnant channel of Sarasvati river. Almost all of the eastern border of Haryana is roughly defined by the course ofYamuna river. Area between the ancient Sarasvati (with its several palaeochannel in Haryana, including Sarsuti and Ghaggar, and the largestpaleo tributary Dhrisdhavati) and Yamuna is called theSarasvati-Yamuna doab. According to the paleo studies, the earliest paleo channel of Sarasvati flowed southeast collectingSahibi river and converging with Yamuna. ThisSarasvati-Yamuna doab covered the area of districts of Panchkula, Ambala, Yamunanagr, Kurukshetra, Kaithal, parts of Jind, Karnal, Panipat, Sonepat, Rohtak, Jhajjar and Gurugram. It remains a matter of further study if Sarasvati ever confluenced withGanges-Yamuna atPrayagraj as alluded to in theHindu texts, if this hypothesis if found to be true, Sarasvati would have also flowed through Rwari, Fridabad and Nuh districts of Haryana and would have collectedChambal andBetwa rivers as its tributaries. Since Sarasvati and Yamuna no longer confluence, this palaeo Sarasvati-Yamuna doab no longer exists. Only extant doab in Haryana isSarsuti-Ghaggar doab. Palaeo Sarasvati-Yamuna doab could be subdivided into the following doabs ofDrishadvati-Sahibi doab,Drishadvati-Sahibi doab andSahibi-Yamuna doab.
Sarasvati-Drishadvati doab /Ghaggar-Drishadvati doab: This palaeo doab covered the area lying between Ghaggar river (palaeochannel of Sarasvati) and the palaeochannel Drishadvati river which confluenced in Hanumangarh district immediately northwest of Haryana. This doab area included entire Northern Haryana on Haryana-Punjab, i.e. districts of Panchkula, Ambala, Yamunanagar, Kurukshetra, Kaithal, Jind, northern part of Hisar, Fatehabad and Sisra.
Drishadvati-Sahibi doab /Ghaggar-Sahibi doab: This palaeo doab covered the area of northwestern Haryana, i.e. districts of Sirsa, Fatehabad, Hisar, Bhiwani, Charkhi Dadri and Mahendragarh.
Sahibi-Yamuna doab: This palaeo doab covered the area lying between Sahibi river and Yamuna. This doab area includedSouth Haryanam i.e. districts of Rewari, southern Gurugam, Southern Faridabad, Nuh and Palwal.
Jatu (dialect) (dialect of theJats) sub-dialect of deswali, spoken byJats andRors in low-lyingkhadir flood planes on western banks of Yamuna in Panipat, Karnal, Kuruksehtra and Yamunanagar districts.
Bangru (dialect) (also calledBanagaru,Hariani &Haryiani, spoken in areas between Khadar region, Bagar region and deswali region in Kaithal District, Pehowa, Tohana, Barwala, Narwana and Assandh.
Bagri language spoken in (Bagar region of sandy western Haryana covering Sirsa, Ellenabad, Fatehabad, Adampur, Balsamand, Siwani and Bahal in Haryana.
Sansi language (distinct language ofSansi nomads, with influence of Rajasthani, Punjabi, Haryanvi and Hindi languages)
Mewati language is spoken in Nuh District, Sohna and part of Palwal District.
Ahirwati dialect ofMewati language is spoken in Rewari, Mahendragarh, Narnaul, Loharu, Matanheil and parts of Gurugram District like Pataudi and Manesar.
Rangri dialect is another type for Haryanvi language used by Haryanvi-Muslim migrants living in Pakistan.
Puadhi dialect is spoken in districts of Panchkula District, Ambala District and parts of Kuruksehtra District like Shahbad Markanda.
Malwai dialect is spoken in northern Sirsa District which includes Mandi Dabwali, Kalanwali and Odhan. It also spoken in Ratia Tehsil of Fatehbad District and guhla cheeka of kaithal District
Rathi dialect is spoken in central Sirsa District and northern Fatehabad district.
There are manyexisting and proposed Integrated Multimodel Logistics Hubs (IMLH) in the state of Haryana including the following existing IMLH with containerised road and rail facilities and/or air facilities (denoted by asterisk):[25]
Sonipat inland container depot and logistics park on Delhi-ChandigarhNH1.[36]Kharkhoda Footwear IMLH in Sonipat under implementation with containerised road and rail cargo.
^Yash Pal Singh (1920),भूगोल (Geography), VK Publications,ISBN978-81-89611-21-7,... मैदान के उस भाग को बांगर कहते हैं जहाँ नदियों की बाढ़ का पानी नहीं पहुंच पाता ... पुरानी जलोढ़ मिट्टी ... खादर: यह वह क्षेत्र है जहाँ नदियों की बाढ़ का जल प्रतिवर्ष आ जाता है ...{{citation}}:ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
^abGusain, Lakhan: Reflexives in Bagri. Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 1994
^Gusain, Lakhan: Limitations of Literacy in Bagri.Nicholas Ostler &Blair Rudes (eds.). Endangered Languages and Literacy. Proceedings of the Fourth FEL Conference. University of North Carolina, Charlotte, 21–24 September 2000
^doab or duab, n., OED Online, Oxford University Press, March 2014, retrieved24 April 2019 Quote: "Originally and chiefly in South Asia: (the name of) a strip or narrow tract of land between two rivers; spec. (with) the area between the rivers Ganges and Jumna in northern India."
^doab or duab, n., OED Online, Oxford University Press, March 2014, retrieved24 April 2019 Quote: "confluence, land between two rivers, used in India of the tongue of land between the Ganges and Jumna, and of similar tracts in the Punjab, etc., lit. 'two waters' "
^Doab., Webster's Third New International Dictionary, Unabridged., 2013, retrieved24 April 2019 Quote: " a tract of land between two rivers : interfluve"
Highways in India
