| Adjuvilo | |
|---|---|
| Created by | Claudius Colas |
| Date | 1910 |
| Setting and usage | International auxiliary language |
| Purpose | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | qaj(local use). Note thatqaj is also used forUlu. |
| Glottolog | None |
| IETF | art-x-adjuvilo (local use) |
Adjuvilo is aconstructed language created in 1910 byClaudius Colas under thepseudonym of "Profesoro V. Esperema". Although it was a full language, it may not have been created to be spoken. Many believe that as anEsperantist, Colas created Adjuvilo to help create dissent in the then-growingIdo movement.[citation needed] Colas himself called his languagesimplifiedIdo and proposed several reforms to Ido.
Colas created a nearly complete grammar, but did not create a new vocabulary. Adjuvilo uses mainly the vocabulary of Ido with modifications according to the grammatical changes of Ido. Colas in some cases reestablishes the Esperanto forms of words and even constructed some new words likesulo for "sun" (Ido/Esperanto:suno) anddago for "day" (Ido:dio, Esperanto:tago).
Like Ido, Adjuvilo has five vowelphonemes. The vowelse andɛ are interchangeable depending on speaker preference, as areo andɔ. The combinations /au/ and /eu/ becomediphthongs in word roots but not when adding affixes.[1]
| Front | Back | |
|---|---|---|
| Close | i | u |
| Mid | e ~ɛ | o ~ɔ |
| Open | a | |
| Labial | Alveolar | Post- alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | ||||||||||
| Stop | p | b | t | d | k | ɡ | ||||||
| Affricate | t͡s | t͡ʃ | ||||||||||
| Fricative | f | v | s | z | ʃ | ʒ | h | |||||
| Approximant | l | j | w | |||||||||
| Flap | ɾ | |||||||||||
Adjuvilo also uses the same orthography as Ido: the 26 letters as theEnglish alphabet andISO Basic Latin alphabet with threedigraphs and noligatures ordiacritics. The only modification is that the stress is always on the penultimate syllable like inEsperanto, whereas in Ido in theinfinitive of theverbs the last syllable is stressed.
| Letter | IPA | English |
|---|---|---|
| a | /a/ | most similar toa as in "father" |
| b | /b/ | b as in "stable" |
| c | /t͡s/ | ts as in "cats"; also used in the digraphch |
| d | /d/ | d as in "adopt" |
| e | /e/,/ɛ/ | most similar toe as in "egg" ore as in "bet" |
| f | /f/ | f as in "afraid" |
| g | /ɡ/ | hardg as in "go" |
| h | /h/ | h as in "hat", "ahoy" |
| i | /i/ | i as in "machine",ee in "bee" |
| j | /ʒ/,/d͡ʒ/ | s as in "pleasure, measure" org in "mirage, beige" |
| k | /k/ | k as in "skin, skip" |
| l | /l/ | most similar tol as in "lamb" |
| m | /m/ | m as in "admit" |
| n | /n/ | n as in "analogy" |
| o | /o/,/ɔ/ | most similar too as in "or" |
| p | /p/ | p as in "spin, spark" |
| q | /k/ | same ask; used only in the digraphqu |
| r | /ɾ/ | tt as inAmerican English "butter", orr as invery inScottish English andheightened RP,see Pronunciation of English /r/ |
| s | /s/ | s as in "east"; also used in the digraphsh |
| t | /t/ | t as in "stake, stop" |
| u | /u/ | u as in "rude" |
| v | /v/ | v as in "avoid" |
| w | /w/ | w as in "award" |
| x | /ks/,/ɡz/ | x as in "except" or "exist" |
| y | /j/ | y as in "yes" |
| z | /z/ | z as in "zebra" |
The digraphs are:
| Digraph | IPA | English |
|---|---|---|
| ch | /t͡ʃ/ | ch as in "chick" |
| qu | /kw/,/kv/ | qu as in "quick" |
| sh | /ʃ/ | sh as in "shy" |
A sample of Adjuvilo, the often-translatedPater Noster:
| Adjuvilo[2] | Ido | Esperanto[3] |
|---|---|---|
Patro nosa, qua estan en cielos, | Patro nia, qua esas en la cielo, | Patro nia, kiu estas en la ĉielo, |
| Classification | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Specific languages by group |
| ||||||||||
| Neography | |||||||||||
| Study | |||||||||||
| Comparisons | |||||||||||
