1946,Les Misérables, adapted by Mabel Dodge Holmes, edited by Grace A. Benscoter.
1995,Cosette: The Sequel to Les Misérables byLaura Kalpakian, more a sequel to the musical than to Hugo's novel.[1]
1995,Les Misérables, adapted byMonica Kulling for the Bullseye Step into Classics series.
2000–2001,Pont au Change, an independently published sequel in three parts (Resurrections,Sanctuary andAdrift) by Arlene C. Harris
2001, French author François Cérésa wrote two sequels,Cosette or the Time of Illusions andMarius or The Fugitive. Hugo's descendants, including his great-great-grandson Pierre Hugo, wanted the novels banned, claiming that they breached the moral rights of the author and betrayed the "respect of the integrity" and "spirit" of Hugo's original novel.[2][3][4][5]
2013,Barricades: The Journey of Javert, a novel by C.A. Shilton based on the early life of Javert.
2014,A Little in Love by Susan Fletcher, a novel based on the early life of Éponine, published by Chicken House Ltd.[6]
2014,Les Misérables, a picture book written and illustrated by Marcia Williams, published by Walker Books.
2019,Sky Without Stars by Jessica Brody & Joanne Rendell, the first book in the 'System Divine' series which serves as a futuristic sci-fi retelling of Les Misérables.
2020,The Court of Miracles by Kester Grant, a loose retelling of Les Misérables and The Jungle Book with Éponine as the main character. It is the first book in a trilogy.[8]
1943:Classic Comics releases a comics adaptation with illustrations by Rolland H. Livingstone.[9]
1961: Classic Comics releases a revision of the 1943 adaptation with illustrations byNorman Nodel.
1975: François Dermaut adapted the story into a comic book version for the magazine Djin.[10][11]
1979: Rene Giffey illustrated an adaptation in three parts: "Jean Valjean et Javert," "Gavroche," and "Cosette et Marius."[12]
1989: 'Il mistero dei candelabri' byGiovan Battista Carpi published inTopolino. It was later translated into English as 'The Secret of the Candlesticks' and published inUncle Scrooge & Donald Duck in Les Misérables and War and Peace in 2023. It featuresScrooge McDuck as 'Jean McJean',Daisy Duck as 'Daisette', andDonald Duck as 'Donaldius Duck-mercy'.
1996:Eddy Paape illustrated "Les Misérables: Jean Valjean," with plans for a second instalment entitled "Les Thénardiers," that was never released.[13]
2010: Daniel Bardet and Bernard Capo illustrated an adaptation published in two parts.[14]
2021:Les misérables by Éric Salch, semi-modern, absurdist retelling of the story[15]
2014: UDON Manga Classics manga adaptation. Art by SunNeko Lee and story adaptation by Crystal Silvermoon.[29]
2016:Manga Grimm Fairy Tales Sensual Fairy Tale for Adults 2 ~Les Misérables~, by Junko Okada. Published by BUNKASHA.[30]
2024:Dear Friends of L'Heure Bleue by AKI, published by KADOKAWA CORPORATION. Focuses on the Friends of the ABC. Unfinished, has two volumes as of May 2025.[31][32]
1897,Victor Hugo et les principaux personnages des misérables, ashort film by theLumière brothers. The film is extant.
1905,Le Chemineau (English:The Vagabond), a five-minute short directed byAlbert Capellani. The film is extant and available on several DVD releases.
1909, in three parts, entitledThe Price of a Soul,The Ordeal andA New Life. The film was directed byEdwin S. Porter and produced by theEdison Manufacturing Company. Although faithful to the novel, it is not a complete adaptation as the final part ends with Valjean entering the convent. The film is believed to be lost. The first installment was sometimes billed asThe Bishop's Candlesticks.[33]
1909, in four parts, entitledJean Valjean,The Galley Slave,Fantine; or, A Mother's Love andCosette, directed byJ. Stuart Blackton and produced byThe Vitagraph Company of America. This film, believed to be lost, is the first motion picture adaptation of the complete novel.[34]
1910,Aa Mujou, Japanese adaptation, director unknown[35]
1913, again directed by Capellani with Henry Krauss as Valjean.[citation needed] Budgeted at $100,000, publicity at the time hailed it as "the greatest motion picture ever made".[36]
1913,The Bishop's Candlesticks, directedHerbert Brenon, adaptation of a popular one-act play byNorman McKinnel based on the first volume of the novel
1929,The Bishop's Candlesticks, directed byGeorge Abbott, adaptation of a popular one-act play by Norman McKinnel of the first volume of the novel, the first sound film adaptation, withWalter Huston as Jean Valjean
1929,Aa Mujo, a Japanese adaptation directed by Seika Shiba
1949,Les Nouveaux Misérables, directed byHenri Verneuil, a short film inspired byLes misérables
1950,Re Mizeraburu: Kami To Akuma (English:Les Miserables: Gods and Demons) andRe Mizeraburu: Kami To Jiyu No Hata (English:Les Misérables: Flag of Love and Liberty). Directed by Daisuke Itô and Masahiro Makino respectively, and released on 3 and 14 November respectively.
1989,Ngọn Cỏ Gió Đùa, Vietnamese film directed by Hgô Ngoc Xun with a script by Việt Linh and released by Saigon Video. Based onNgọn cỏ gió đùa, Hồ Biểu Chánh's book adaptation ofLes Misérables.
2007, Sudanese 2005 or 2006 or 2007 film directed byGadalla Gubara and starring Gamal Hassan as Valjean
2010,Ngọn Cỏ Gió Đùa, Vietnamese Cải lương musical film directed by Pham Van Dai and broadcast onHTV9. Based onNgọn cỏ gió đùa, Hồ Biểu Chánh's book adaptation ofLes Misérables.
2011,Les misérables: Tempête sous un crâne, filmed stage play by Jean Bellorini and Camille de la Guillonnière
A new film adaptation of the novel directed byFred Cavayé is in development as of January 2025.[39]
A film adaptation titledJean Valjean, directed byÉric Besnard and starring Gregory Gadebois, is begin filmed as of late January 2025.[40]
*Note: The2019 filmLes Misérables borrows the title and some of the settings but is not an adaptation of the work, rather it borrows on some of its themes.
1949,The Bishop's Candlesticks, based on the play by Norman McKinnel. Broadcast on BBC Television. David Phethean played the role of the convict Jean Valjean.
1949,The Bishop's Experiment, an episode of the American anthology drama seriesYour Show Time. Based on an incident from the novel withLeif Erickson as Jean Valjean.
1952,The Bishop's Treasure, a play by Wilfred Harvey adapted from the story inLes Misérables by Victor Hugo. Broadcast on BBC Television.Patrick Crean played the role of the convict Jean Valjean.
1953,The Bishop's Candlesticks, an episode of the 30 minute American anthology drama seriesMedallion Theatre withVictor Jory in the role of Jean Valjean.
1953,Jean Valjean, an episode of the American anthology drama seriesMonodrama Theater
1955,Aa mujo, Japanese TV show in 31 episodes, broadcast on NTV
1958,Os Miseráveis, a Brazilian telenovela directed by Dionísio Azevedo, aired on TV Tupí (later Rede Tupí)
1961–1963,Cosette,Gavroche andJean Valjean, three-part adaptation directed by Alain Boudet on Claude Santelli's programLe Théâtre de la jeunesse
1964,Aa mujo, 13 episodes in the Japanese TV showMyojo Soguinoko Theatre, aimed at children[41]
1964,I miserabili, Italian TV-miniseries directed by Sandro Bolchi, starring:Gastone Moschin (Jean Valjean), Tino Carraro (Javert), Giulia Lazzarini (Fantine/adult Cosette),Loretta Goggi (young Cosette), Antonio Battistella (Thénardier), Cesarina Gheraldi (Mme. Thénardier), Angela Cardile (Éponine),Roberto Bisacco (Marius), Claudio Sora (Enjolras),Aldo Silvani (Monseigneur Bienvenu) and Edoardo Nevola (Gavroche), nearly ten hours long
1967,Os Miseráveis, Brazilian soap opera starring Leonardo Vilar as Jean Valjean
1970,Los Miserables, Episode of the Argentina television seriesAlta Comedia, directed by Martín Clutet and broadcast on 13 June 1970.
1971,Los Miserables, Spanish production by TVE (nowRTVE) as part of theNovela TV series, directed by José Antonio Páramo and starring José Calvo as Jean Valjean
While there is no actual claim that the television seriesThe Fugitive is a modern adaptation ofLes Miserables, there are parallels to and elements of the novel in the series; producerQuinn Martin has gone on record as saying thatThe Fugitive was "a sort of modern rendition of the outline ofLes Miserables."[44]
1925, radio play ofThe Bishop's Candlesticks broadcast on BBC 6BM Bournemouth. Also broadcast on 2EH Edinburgh in 1926, 5WA Cardiff in 1927 and 5PA Plymouth in 1928.[46]
1939, 12 episodes broadcast on theBBC National Programme, directed by Patrick Riddell, produced by John Cheatle, starring Henry Ainley as Jean Valean,Baliol Holloway as Javert, Margaretta Scott as Cosette and Patrick Waddington as Marius. Featuring music specially composed by Robert Chignell.[49]
1944, adapted by Rhoda Power for theFor Schools program on theBBC Home Service. This adaptation was repeated throughout the 40s and 50s.[46]
1947, a radio adaptation of "Jean Valjean and the Bishop", broadcast onFavorite Story on 13 September and starringRonald Colman.
1952, an adaptation of the 1952 movie starringRonald Colman with Debra Paget and Robert Newton reprising their film roles, directed by Earl Ebi forLux Radio Theater on 22 January.
1976, adapted for radio in 16 parts by Barry Campbell, Constance Cox and Val Gielgud. Starring Robert Hardy as Victor Hugo and Trevor Martin as Jean Valjean.[50] The series aired onBBC Radio 4 between 2 May and 15 August 1976.[51][52]
1982, directed by Hyman Brown for CBS Radio.
2001, dramatised in 25 episodes by Sebastian Baczkiewicz and Lin Coghlan, directed by Sally Avens andJeremy Mortimer forBBC Radio 4.[53][54]
1862,Charity, a two-act drama by C. H. Hazlewood founded on Victor Hugo's story ofLes Misérables. The action of the drama depicts the conversion of Jean Valjean (Mr Forrester[who?]) by the bishop Myriel (Mr James Johnstone) and the results as developed at Marseilles including an incident with the Savoyard Jarvais (Miss Catherine Lucette). The drama was first performed Sadler's Wells Theatre, London on 7 November. In this version Fantine is revealed to be Valjean's sister, a change to the plot of the novel that would later be used in Henry Neville's adaptationThe Yellow Passport.[61]
1863, Charles Hugo, the author's son,[62] adapted the novel into a two-act play for the stage in Brussels (the French government had refused to allow the drama to be performed in Paris). The play was subsequently performed in Bordeaux in 1870 and partially at theThéâtre de la Porte Saint-Martin in 1878 (the play ended with Valjean and Cosette finding refuge in the Petit-Picpus convent). The 1899 revival in Paris saw the full play performed with scenes removed, added or modified byPaul Meurice, who was now listed as the co author. This version starredBenoît-Constant Coquelin as Valjean and featured music byAndré Wormser.[63]
1863,Fantine or The Fate of a Grisette in three parts by Albert Cassedy dramatised from the original French edition by Victor Hugo. Music performed by the great composer and director C Koppitz. Performed for three nights only at the Washington Theatre in January.[64]
1863,Jean Valjean by Harry Seymour, with George Boniface Sr as Jean Valjean, performed at TheBowery Theatre[65]
1867,Out of Evil Cometh Good, a drama in a prologue and four acts, byClarance Holt; first performed at The Prince of Wales Theatre, Birmingham in October with the author as Valjean, MissMay Holt as Fantine (and Cosette), and Miss Johnstone as Eponine.[66] In late 1869, the play was renamedThe Barricade (although initially the original title was kept as a subtitle). The updated cast featured the author as Valjean, Mrs. Digby Willoughby as Fantine (and Cosette), and Miss May Holt as Eponine.The Barricade was first performed at Croydon in October 1867 and made its debut in London on 7 September 1878, at the Duke's Theatre. The play was a critical and commercial success and was performed as late as 1887.
1868,The Yellow Passport, a melodrama in prologue and four acts byHenry Neville. The original title of the play, as licensed by The Lord Chamberlain, wasThe Convict Jean Valjean 9430 and the drama was performed under this title in August at the Amphitheatre, Liverpool.The Yellow Passport made its debut at the Olympic Theatre on 7 November with Neville as Valjean and, despite mixed reviews, enjoyed a respectable run lasting until April 1869. The play enjoyed several revivals, the last of which was at the Britannia in November 1889 with Algernon Syms in the role of Valjean.[67]
1868,Alfred Dampier, under the pseudonym of Pierre Adam, wrote an adaptation that was produced in Guernsey and which resulted in a complimentary letter from Victor Hugo. Dampier relocated to Australia in 1873 and performed the play at the Theatre Royal Sydney in June 1874 under the title ofThe Yellow Passport or Branded For Life. The play was rewritten and re-titledValjean, Saint or Sinner, for its production at Sydney'sVictoria Theatre on 24 February 1877. The play was again rewritten, and re-titledSaint or Sinner for its performance in England at the Surrey Theatre on 26 March 1881. The play was rewritten and retitledA Convict Martyr in 1893 for another performance at the Theatre Royal Sydney. In 1895, the play was performed in various theatres in California in under the title ofLes Miserables. The drama bears some plot similarities with William Muskerry's adaptationAtonement or Branded for Life, particularly the conclusion in which Valjean is killed by Thenardier just as he is given a pardon by Javert.
1869,The Man of Two Lives, an adaptation of the novel byWilliam Bayle Bernard, first performed at Drury Lane on 29 March withCharles Dillon as Valjean. Dillon had previously performed the role of Valjean two years prior in an adaptation entitledValjean written by Sheffield playwright Joseph Fox but it was only played in the provinces and was unlicensed. Bernard made some radical changes to the story such as Jean Valjean being sent to the galleys for trying to flee from conscription to military service and not for stealing a loaf of bread. The play was rarely performed after its initial run at Drury Lane.[68]
1872,Atonement, a romantic drama in a prologue and four acts, founded on Victor Hugo's 'Les Misérables' by William Muskerry, first performed at the Victoria Theatre, London, on 31 August; revived at Sadler's Wells on 14 September; played at Manchester in 1877 in ten tableaux.[61]
1875, an adaptation entitledCosette, with Louis James as Jean Valjean. Performed at the Boston Theatre.[70]
1878,Valjean by Algernon Willoughby (founded on Victor Hugo's work,Les Miserables), in which Mr. John Coleman assumed four characters: Jean Valjean, M. Madeline, The Fugitive, and Urban Le Blanc. First performed at The Prince of Wales Theatre, Glasgow, in August. The play was last performed in 1883.[71]
1884,Les Miserables, a drama adapted by Wilson E. McDermut and Bertrand H. Atwood, registered for copyright 27 June 1884, under entry no. 12924, by and in the names of the authors.[72]
1886,Jean Valjean, Or, The Shadow of the Law, in Five Acts by Harry Clifford Fulton.[73]
1892,After Ten Years, by Percy H. Vernon, a one-act play based on the first part of the novel featuring Valjean and the Bishop, first performed at Metropole, Birkenhead on 21 October.[74]
1901,The Bishop's Candlesticks, a one-act play byNorman McKinnel based on volume one of the novel.
1906,Jean Valjean a play in 4 acts, by Charles Lawson, registered for copyright 18 July 1906, under entry no. D 8342.[72]
1906,Jean Valjean, registered for copyright 20 November 1905, under entry no. 5 7643, by and in the name of Gabriel L. Pollock.[72]
1906, Broadway actorWilton Lackaye wrote an adaptation in five acts,The Law and the Man, so he could play Valjean.[75]
1914,Jean Valjean, dramatised by Augusta Stevenson.[76]
1929,The Silver Candlesticks: a one-act play by Gilbert Hudson, adapted from an episode in Victor Hugo'sLes Miserables.
1938,Jean Valjean and The Christmas Doll, by Agnes Irene. Smith, Dramatic Publishing. A Christmas play in which Jean Valjean finds little Cosette on Christmas Eve.[77]
1955,God's Ambassador. A play in three acts by Harold Homes Stuart Jackson. Published by Epworth plays. Freely adapted from an incident recorded inLes Misérables.
2011, A stage adaptation by Spiritual Twist Productions,Les Miserables: A Story of Grace,[80] highlighting the religious aspect of the novel.
2013,Les Misérables: The Memoirs of Jean Valjean – A limited run play performed by the South Devon Players during Sept-Nov. Based mainly on the book, with some scenes included that weren't well known.[81]
A stage adaptation is performed outdoors every summer at the Citadelle inMontreuil-sur-Mer, the setting of the first part of the novel.[82]
2018,Grantaire, a Spanish musical by Luciano Muriel focusing on the character of Grantaire.[83]
In 2018, Iranian director Hossein Parsaei staged a big-budget musical adaptation of Victor Hugo's masterpiece in the Royal Hall of Espinas Palace Hotel in the Iranian capitalTehran. Over 300 cinema superstars, actors, singers and musicians appeared in the play. The adaptation was the most expensive show in the history of Iran's theatre until that day, and was the first one staged in the Espinas Palace Hotel, whose auditorium has a capacity of 2,500 people.[84]
The musicalGavroche is a retelling of the story from the point of view of the young characters, mainly Gavroche and his siblings. The book, music, and lyrics forGavroche are by Bonnie Gleicher, based on John Hoover's original concept and book.[85]
Anadventure game has been released by Chris Tolworthy, intended as a direct adaptation of the book.[86][87]
There is a free downloadable amateur 2Dfighting game based on the musical. The game is calledArmJoe, which is created by Takase.[88][89][90] The name is a pun on the novel's Japanese titleAa Mujō (ああ無情).[89][90] The game incorporates the major characters as they appear in the musical, namely Jean Valjean, Enjolras, Marius, Cosette, Éponine, Thénardier, and Javert – as well as a policeman, a robotic clone of Valjean called RoboJean, an embodiment of Judgement, and a rabbit named Ponpon.[90]
In 2013,Anuman Interactive launchedLes Miserables: Cosette's Fate, ahidden object game based on the novel. Players embody Cosette and try to escape from the innkeepers.[91]
Les Misérables: Eve of Rebellion, acard game based on the novel.
InPersona 5 Strikers, Valjean appears as the Persona of the playable character Zenkichi Hasegawa, given the new Arcana of the Apostle Arcana.[citation needed]
In 2003, theTani Momoko Ballet [ja] created the balletLes Misérables. The libretto spans the novel, beginning with Jean Valjean's theft of bread, and ending with his death. Choreographer Norihiko Mochizuki used classical and modern music from the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, including "Vltava" from Smetana'sMá Vlast[92] and the Catalan lullaby "El Cant dels Ocells".[93] The ballet was restaged in 2010, when it was awarded the top prize in the dance division of the 65th ACA National Arts Festival held by the Government of Japan's Agency for Cultural Affairs, and again in August 2022 atMielparque Tokyo.[93]
