Aculco | |
|---|---|
Municipality | |
 Lord of the Pasito Church | |
 Seal | |
 Aculco municipality | |
  Aculco | |
| Coordinates:20°05′54″N99°49′37″W / 20.09833°N 99.82694°W /20.09833; -99.82694 | |
| Country | Mexico |
| State | State of Mexico |
| Region | Atlacomulco Region |
| Municipal seat | Aculco de Espinoza |
| Municipal status | 1825 |
| Government | |
| • Municipal President | Jorge Alfredo Osornio Victoria (2019–2021) |
| Area | |
• Municipality | 465.7 km2 (179.8 sq mi) |
| Elevation (of seat) | 2,450 m (8,040 ft) |
| Population (2010) Municipality | |
• Municipality | 44,823[1] |
| • Seat | 1,624 |
| Time zone | UTC-6 (Central) |
| Postal code (of seat) | 50360 |
| Official name | Town of Aculco, Camino Real de Tierra Adentro |
| Type | Cultural |
| Criteria | II, IV |
| Designated | 2010(34thsession) |
| Reference no. | 1351 |
| Region | Latin America and the Caribbean |
Aculco is amunicipality located in theAtlacomulco Region of theState of Mexico inMexico. The name comes fromNahuatl.[2][further explanation needed] The municipal seat is the town ofAculco de Espinoza, although both the town and municipality are commonly referred to as simply "San Jerónimo Aculco".
The municipality is 110 kilometers away from Mexico City, and is known for its artisans and cheeses, according toEl Heraldo.[3] Aculco currently has a population of over 44,823 inhabitants.[1][4] The mayor or municipal president of Aculco is Jorge Alfredo Osnornio.[3]
Aculco was founded approximately in 1110AD by theOtomies, despite the fact that its name comes fromNahuatl. After being a village inhabited by Otomies for long time, it became a region dominated by theMexicas, who lived there many years before the founding ofTenochtitlan.[4]
With the arrival of theSpanish in 1540, construction on the church and the convent of San Jeronimo began. In November 1810,Miguel Hidalgo and his contingent, who began theMexican War of Independence, arrived in the region. Aculco was also where insurgents, led by Don Miguel Hidalgo, lost a battle against the troops of Felix Ma. Calleja.[4]
During the nineteenth century, the town hall and the first primary school in the region were constructed. Public baths and a municipal pool were also built.[citation needed]
On February 19, 1825, it became a municipality. In 1914 and 1915, Aculco was the scene of clashes led by the revolutionaries’carrancistas,villistas andZapatistas.[4]
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The municipality of Aculco has a geographical extent of 484.7 square kilometres (187.1 sq mi). That represents 2.18% ofMexico State, of which it is a part of.[4] Aculco bordersPolotitlán in the north,Querétaro in the south, andAcambay andTimilpan in the south.[5] It is approximately 100 kilometers away from or over 1 hour from Toluca,Toluca.
Aculco has a relatively cool, humid climate, with rain in the summer. The annual average temperature is of 13.2 °C (55.8 °F), with the lowest temperature occurring in the winter. The rain season starts at the end of March or beginning of April and lasts until October or November.[4]
| Climate data for Aculco (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1961–present) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 28 (82) | 28 (82) | 30 (86) | 31 (88) | 35 (95) | 31 (88) | 29 (84) | 28 (82) | 28 (82) | 27.5 (81.5) | 25.5 (77.9) | 30 (86) | 35 (95) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 19.3 (66.7) | 21.2 (70.2) | 23.3 (73.9) | 25.0 (77.0) | 25.0 (77.0) | 23.0 (73.4) | 21.4 (70.5) | 21.4 (70.5) | 20.6 (69.1) | 20.5 (68.9) | 19.9 (67.8) | 19.9 (67.8) | 21.7 (71.1) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 11.1 (52.0) | 12.7 (54.9) | 14.5 (58.1) | 16.5 (61.7) | 17.1 (62.8) | 16.4 (61.5) | 15.5 (59.9) | 15.4 (59.7) | 14.9 (58.8) | 13.8 (56.8) | 12.4 (54.3) | 11.6 (52.9) | 14.3 (57.7) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 3.0 (37.4) | 4.2 (39.6) | 5.8 (42.4) | 8.0 (46.4) | 9.2 (48.6) | 9.8 (49.6) | 9.5 (49.1) | 9.4 (48.9) | 9.2 (48.6) | 7.1 (44.8) | 4.8 (40.6) | 3.4 (38.1) | 7.0 (44.6) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −5.5 (22.1) | −7 (19) | −6 (21) | 0.8 (33.4) | 2 (36) | 2 (36) | 1 (34) | 0.5 (32.9) | −1 (30) | −3 (27) | −5 (23) | −7 (19) | −7 (19) |
| Averageprecipitation mm (inches) | 10.6 (0.42) | 9.1 (0.36) | 13.1 (0.52) | 18.8 (0.74) | 56.5 (2.22) | 122.4 (4.82) | 143.9 (5.67) | 110.0 (4.33) | 126.6 (4.98) | 55.5 (2.19) | 24.1 (0.95) | 4.4 (0.17) | 695.0 (27.36) |
| Average precipitation days(≥ 0.01 mm) | 3.0 | 2.4 | 3.2 | 5.0 | 9.9 | 13.2 | 16.3 | 14.4 | 13.9 | 8.9 | 4.6 | 1.5 | 96.3 |
| Source:Servicio Meteorológico Nacional[6][7] | |||||||||||||
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There is a diversity in plants and animals oftemperate climate andsemi-arid climate (Mezquital Valley).
Native animals include:cacomistle,skunk,gopher,Virginia opossum,rabbit,Mexican gray squirrel,turkey,colibri,turkey vulture,northern mockingbird,rattlesnake,pine snake,black phoebe,rufous-crowned sparrow,great horned owl,axolotl,frog,toad,red ant,bee, and others.
Sworn in to the role on December 13, 2018, Aculco Jorge Alfredo Osornio Victoria will remain president until 2021.[8] He was previously a member of theInstitutional Revolutionary Party.[9]
| Mayor | Time |
|---|---|
.svg){kind=logo} Vicente Sosa Alcántara | 2000-2003 |
.svg){kind=logo} Jesús Alejandro Aguilar Sánchez | 2003-2006 |
| Francisco Javier Venancio Ramirez | 2006-2009 |
| Marcos Javier Sosa Alcantara | 2009-2012 |
.svg) Salvador del Rio Martínez | 2013-2015 |
| Aurora González Ledezma | 2016-2018 |
| Jorge Alfredo Osornio Victoria | 2019-2021 |
The main economic activity of Aculco is theranching of animals like pigs and sheep. The municipality's principal products includemilk,fur,wool andegg. Aculco's inner commerce principally occurs at themunicipal market, while its outer commerce is withToluca,Mexico City andQuerétaro.
Another major economic activity of Aculco is the exploitation of natural resources like sand, withquarries present in the region.[10] The municipality is also home to a metal structure manufacturing company.[4]
Aculco is famous for the dairy products it produces. In 2019, Aculco has about 60 artisan workshops for cheese and dairy production.[11]
Aculco contains a number of notable geographic features. Two cascades are located in the area: "Tixhiñu" and "la Concepción". Rivers including the Río Ñadó and Río Prieto also flow through the municipality.
Aculco is home to numerous historic sites, including the San Jerónimo and the "Garrido Varela"bullring,[5] as well as the former residence ofMiguel Hidalgo y Costilla. Two busts are located in Aculco in the memory ofBenito Juarez and Miguel Hidalgo.[4]
According toINEGI, in 2005, Aculco has a population of over 40,000. The ethnic composition is mainly Otomi.[4]
Over 16,000 people in the region are illiterate.[12]
| Large Town | 2010 Census Population |
| Total | 44 823[1] |
| San Lucas Totolmaloya | 3 770 |
| San Jerónimo Barrio | 2 322 |
| Gunyo Poniente | 2 138 |
| Aculco de Espinoza | 1 823 |
| San Pedro Danxhi | 1 119 |
| Decandeje | |
| Ñadó Buenavista | |
| Cieneguilla de González | |
| Arroyo Zarco |
Other communities include:
The foundation of the Aculco municipality is celebrated on February 19.[13] In March and April, the municipality holds a scenic performance of Semana Mayor that starts onHoly Thursday, in honor of Señor Nenthé.[13] There is a festival to the Saint PatronSaint Jerome on September 30, including regional fairs, dances, and food.[13]
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