Actv S.p.A. (Azienda del Consorzio Trasporti Veneziano) is a public company responsible forpublic transportation inVenice andChioggia municipalities and for interurban bus services inprovince of Venice. ACTV is not responsible forVenice People Mover (managed by AVM) or waterbus routes betweenairport and the lagoon area (managed by Alilaguna). Connections by bus with Venice airport are managed by ACTV and by ATVO.
The first testing of a regular public transportation service took place in 1881 when the firstQueen Margheritavaporetto was used for transport along theGrand Canal. The service was then acquired by the French company, the Compagnie des Bateaux Omnibus, which operated eight steamers until 1890. It was then replaced by the Società Veneta Lagunare, who subsequently extended the line by offering routes towards the mainland. In 1903, theMunicipality of Venice approved the direct management of the mainland services to ACNI (Azienda Comunale per la Navigazione Interna) the then ACNIL, which began its operation in 1904.
With the opening of thePonte della Libertà in 1933, and the newly constructed car terminal inPiazzale Roma, ACNIL extended its management to supervising over theVenice-Mestre section, while the Società Anonima Tramvie of Mestre managed the remaining areas.
In 1941, ACNIL was given clearance to directly manage the land transportation on theLido Island. This happened following the cessation of the tram service by the Compagnia Italiana Grandi Alberghi (CIGA) who managed the island up until that point.
DuringWorld War II, a large part of the fleet of boats was used by theItalian Army and theNavy for military practice purposes and by the end of the War, many of the vessels were found sunken or seriously damaged. Following this, a program aimed at repairing and replacing the boats as well as updating the ancillary parts of the service (landing points,piers andpontoons) was put into place.
In 1965, ACNIL acquired the transport service ofMestre and the mainland, taking over from Società Filovie Mestre. In 1966, thetrolleybuses were phased out and the entire fleet was replaced with buses.
On 1 October 1978, the Company of the Venetian Transport Consortium (ACTV) was founded.
In 1996, a night bus service was introduced which replaced the routes taken by the regular buses.
ACTV's decision-making processes in awarding public transport service contracts in Mestre were challenged by several transport companies bidding in 2002, who were concerned that some of the evaluation sub-criteria were weighted by ACTV's evaluators after the receipt oftenders. The case was referred to theEuropean Court of Justice, whose ruling issued in 2004 laid down guidance on fair methods for attaching weightings to evaluation criteria and sub-criteria after the publication of contract documents.[1]
In 2006, the ACTV corporate offices were transferred toTronchetto.
During theCOVID-19 pandemic in Italy, the ACTV was forced to cut services considerably, particularly the vaporetti.[2]
The main public transportation means are motorizedwaterbuses (vaporetti), which ply regular routes along the Grand Canal and between the city's islands.
Lido andPellestrina are two islands forming a barrier between the southern Venetian Lagoon and the Adriatic Sea. On those islands, road traffic is allowed. There are bus and waterbus services linking the islands with other islands (Venice,Murano,Burano) and with the peninsula ofCavallino-Treporti.
The mainland of Venice is composed of 4 boroughs:Mestre-Carpenedo,Marghera, Chirignago-Zelarino and Favaro Veneto. Mestre is the central and the most populated urban area of the Venice mainland. There are several bus routes and twotramway lines. Several bus routes link the mainland withPiazzale Roma, the main bus station in Venice, viaPonte della Libertà a road bridge connecting the historical center of the city of Venice to the mainland.
Ferry from Tronchetto to Lido in “Canale della Giudecca”
5.1Lido di Venezia Santa Maria Elisabetta-Hospital-Fondamente Nove-Ferrovia-Piazzale Roma-San Marco - San Zaccaria-Lido di Venezia Santa Maria Elisabetta
9E Quarto d'Altino FS -Quarto d'Altino-Le Crete-San Liberale-Della Vittoria-Marcon (Villaggio Cooperazione)-Viale S. Marco-Alta- Dello Sport-Gaggio-Marcon (Via Mattei)-Dese-Altinia-Gobbi-Passo Campalto-Sabbadino-Orlanda-Forte Marghera-Piazza 27 Ottobre
^Centis, Ludovico (2021). "Spies, viruses and vaporetti: how the pandemic increases distances in the Venice lagoon".TPR: Town Planning Review.92 (2):263–270.doi:10.3828/tpr.2020.82.
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