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Aclarubicin

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Chemical compound

Pharmaceutical compound

Aclarubicin
Clinical data

AHFS/Drugs.com	International Drug Names
Routes of administration	IV
ATC code	L01DB04 (WHO)
Legal status
Legal status	In general: ℞ (Prescription only)
Identifiers
IUPAC name (1S,2S,4R)-Methyl 4-(((2S,5R,6R)-4-(dimethylamino)-5-(((1S,3R,4S)-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-(((2S,6R)-6-methyl-5-oxotetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)cyclohexyl)oxy)-6-methyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)oxy)-2-ethyl-2,5,7-trihydroxy-6,11-dioxo-1,2,3,4,6,11-hexahydrotetracene-1-carboxylate
CAS Number	57576-44-0^N
PubChemCID	42474
ChemSpider	1931^Y
UNII	74KXF8I502
KEGG	D02756^Y
ChEBI	CHEBI:74619^N
ChEMBL	ChEMBL502620^N
CompTox Dashboard(EPA)	DTXSID1022554
ECHA InfoCard	100.055.277
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C₄₂H₅₃NO₁₅
Molar mass	811.878 g·mol⁻¹
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
Melting point	151 to 153 °C (304 to 307 °F) (decomposes)
SMILES CCC1(CC(C2=C(C1C(=O)OC)C=C3C(=C2O)C(=O)C4=C(C3=O)C=CC=C4O)OC5CC(C(C(O5)C)OC6CC(C(C(O6)C)OC7CCC(=O)C(O7)C)O)N(C)C)O
InChI InChI=1S/C42H53NO15/c1-8-42(51)17-28(33-22(35(42)41(50)52-7)14-23-34(38(33)49)37(48)32-21(36(23)47)10-9-11-26(32)45)56-30-15-24(43(5)6)39(19(3)54-30)58-31-16-27(46)40(20(4)55-31)57-29-13-12-25(44)18(2)53-29/h9-11,14,18-20,24,27-31,35,39-40,45-46,49,51H,8,12-13,15-17H2,1-7H3^Y Key:USZYSDMBJDPRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N^Y
^NY (what is this?) (verify)

Aclarubicin (INN) oraclacinomycin A^[1] is ananthracycline drug^[2] that is used in the treatment ofcancer in China. It was previously approved for use in Europe but was discontinued in 2004 due to being rarely prescribed and unprofitable.

However, it has subsequently been reevaluated^[3] due to possible advantages over other chemotherapeutic drugs in the treatment of certain cancers such asacute myeloid leukemia.^[4]^[5]

Soil bacteriaStreptomyces galilaeus can produce aclarubicin.

It can inducehistone eviction fromchromatin uponintercalation.^[6]^[7]

References

[edit]

^CID 451415 fromPubChem
^Jensen PB, Jensen PS, Demant EJ, Friche E, Sørensen BS, Sehested M, et al. (October 1991). "Antagonistic effect of aclarubicin on daunorubicin-induced cytotoxicity in human small cell lung cancer cells: relationship to DNA integrity and topoisomerase II".Cancer Research.51 (19):5093–5099.PMID 1655244.
^Amsen E (27 July 2024)."One man's mission to revive a forgotten, life-saving cancer drug".The Guardian.
^Wei G, Ni W, Chiao JW, Cai Z, Huang H, Liu D (November 2011)."A meta-analysis of CAG (cytarabine, aclarubicin, G-CSF) regimen for the treatment of 1029 patients with acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome".Journal of Hematology & Oncology.4 46.doi:10.1186/1756-8722-4-46.PMC 3230125.PMID 22082134.
^Murzyn A, Orzeł J, Obajtek N, Mróz A, Miodowska D, Bojdo P, et al. (July 2024)."Aclarubicin: contemporary insights into its mechanism of action, toxicity, pharmacokinetics, and clinical standing".Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology.94 (2):123–139.doi:10.1007/s00280-024-04693-1.PMC 11390774.PMID 38965080.
^Pang B, Qiao X, Janssen L, Velds A, Groothuis T, Kerkhoven R, et al. (2013)."Drug-induced histone eviction from open chromatin contributes to the chemotherapeutic effects of doxorubicin".Nature Communications.4 1908.Bibcode:2013NatCo...4.1908P.doi:10.1038/ncomms2921.PMC 3674280.PMID 23715267.
^Pang B, de Jong J, Qiao X, Wessels LF, Neefjes J (July 2015). "Chemical profiling of the genome with anti-cancer drugs defines target specificities".Nature Chemical Biology.11 (7):472–480.doi:10.1038/nchembio.1811.PMID 25961671.

Intracellularchemotherapeutic agents /antineoplastic agents (L01)

SPs/MIs
(M phase)

Blockmicrotubule assembly	Vinca alkaloids (Vinblastine^# Vincristine^# Vindesine Vinflunine^§ Vinorelbine^#)
Block microtubule disassembly	Taxanes (Cabazitaxel Docetaxel^# Larotaxel Ortataxel^† Paclitaxel^# Tesetaxel) Epothilones (Ixabepilone)

DNA replication
inhibitor

DNA precursors/
antimetabolites
(S phase)

Folic acid	Dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor (Aminopterin Methotrexate^# Pemetrexed Pralatrexate) Thymidylate synthase inhibitor (Pemetrexed Raltitrexed)
Purine	Adenosine deaminase inhibitor (Pentostatin) Halogenated/ribonucleotide reductase inhibitors (Cladribine Clofarabine Fludarabine) Nelarabine Rabacfosadine Thiopurine (Mercaptopurine^# Tioguanine^#)
Pyrimidine	Thymidylate synthase inhibitor (Capecitabine^# Carmofur Doxifluridine Floxuridine Fluorouracil^# Tegafur (+gimeracil/oteracil)) DNA polymerase inhibitor (Cytarabine^#+daunorubicin) Ribonucleotide reductase inhibitor (Gemcitabine^#) Hypomethylating agent (Azacitidine Decitabine)
Deoxyribonucleotide	Ribonucleotide reductase inhibitor (Hydroxycarbamide^#)

Topoisomerase inhibitors
(S phase)

I	Camptotheca (Belotecan Camptothecin Cositecan^† Etirinotecan pegol^† Exatecan Gimatecan Irinotecan^# Lurtotecan^‡ Rubitecan^‡ Silatecan^§ Topotecan)
II	Podophyllum (Etoposide^# Teniposide)
II+Intercalation	Anthracyclines (Aclarubicin Amrubicin^† Daunorubicin^# (+cytarabine) Doxorubicin^# Epirubicin Idarubicin Pirarubicin Valrubicin Zorubicin) Anthracenediones (Losoxantrone Mitoxantrone Pixantrone) Amsacrine Bisantrene Crisnatol Menogaril^§

Crosslinking of DNA
(CCNS)

Alkylating	Nitrogen mustards:Bendamustine^# Chlormethine Cyclophosphamide^# (Ifosfamide^# Trofosfamide) Chlorambucil^# Melphalan (Melphalan flufenamide) Prednimustine Uramustine Nitrosoureas:Carmustine Fotemustine Lomustine (Semustine) Nimustine Ranimustine Streptozocin Alkyl sulfonates:Busulfan (Mannosulfan Treosulfan) Aziridines:Carboquone Thiotepa Triaziquone Triethylenemelamine
Platinum-based	Carboplatin^# Cisplatin^# Dicycloplatin Nedaplatin Oxaliplatin^# Satraplatin
Nonclassical	Altretamine Hydrazines (Procarbazine^#) Etoglucid Mitobronitol Pipobroman Triazenes (Dacarbazine^# Mitozolomide^§ Temozolomide)
Intercalation	Streptomyces (Dactinomycin^# Bleomycin^# (Pingyangmycin) Ixabepilone Mitomycin Plicamycin Utidelone)

Photosensitizers/PDT

Other

Enzyme inhibitors	FI (Tipifarnib^§) CDK inhibitors (Abemaciclib Alvocidib^† Palbociclib Ribociclib Seliciclib^†) PrI Bortezomib Carfilzomib Oprozomib Ixazomib PhI (Anagrelide) IMPDI (Tiazofurin^§) LI (Masoprocol) PARP inhibitor (Fuzuloparib Niraparib +abiraterone acetate Olaparib Rucaparib) HDAC (Belinostat Entinostat Panobinostat Romidepsin Vorinostat) PIKI (Pi3K) (Alpelisib Copanlisib^‡ Duvelisib Idelalisib Inavolisib Umbralisib^‡) IDH (Enasidenib Ivosidenib Olutasidenib Vorasidenib)
Receptor antagonists	ERA (Atrasentan) Retinoid X receptor (Bexarotene) Sex steroid (Testolactone)
Other/ungrouped	Adagrasib Aflibercept Arsenic trioxide Asparagine depleters (Asparaginase^#/Pegaspargase) Axicabtagene ciloleucel Belzutifan Bexarotene Brexucabtagene autoleucel Calaspargase pegol Celecoxib Ciltacabtagene autoleucel Darinaparsin Demecolcine Denileukin diftitox Eflornithine Elesclomol^§ Elsamitrucin Epacadostat Eribulin Estramustine Glasdegib Idecabtagene vicleucel Idroxioleic acid Imetelstat Lifileucel Lisocabtagene maraleucel Lonidamine Lucanthone Lurbinectedin Mitoguazone Mitotane Nadofaragene firadenovec Navitoclax Nirogacestat Obecabtagene autoleucel Oblimersen^† Omacetaxine mepesuccinate Para-toluenesulfonamide Pelabresib Plitidepsin Retinoids (Alitretinoin Tretinoin^#) Selinexor Sitimagene ceradenovec Sotorasib Tabelecleucel Tagraxofusp Talimogene laherparepvec Tazemetostat Tebentafusp Tiazofurine Tigilanol tiglate Tisagenlecleucel Trabectedin Veliparib Venetoclax Verdinexor Vosaroxin

^#WHO-EM
^‡Withdrawn from market
Clinical trials:
- ^†Phase III
- ^§Never to phase III

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