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Abu Mahdi al-Muhandis | |
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أبو مهدي المهندس | |
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| Deputy Chairman of Popular Mobilization Committee | |
| In office 15 June 2014 – 3 January 2020 | |
| Secretary-General ofKata'ib Hezbollah | |
| In office October 2003 – 3 January 2020 | |
| Succeeded by | Ahmad al-Hamidawi |
| Member of Iraqi Parliament | |
| In office 2006–2007 | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Jamal Ja'far Muhammad AliAl Ibrahim (1954-11-16)16 November 1954 |
| Died | 3 January 2020(2020-01-03) (aged 65) Baghdad, Iraq |
| Manner of death | Assassination |
| Political party |
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| Other political affiliations |
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| Committees | Axis of Resistance |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance |  Iraq |
| Branch | Popular Mobilization Forces |
| Service years | 1979–2020 |
| Rank | Commander |
| Unit | Kata'ib Hezbollah Badr Brigade (formerly) |
| Conflicts | |
Jamal Ja'far Muhammad Ali Al Ibrahim (Arabic:جمال جعفر محمد علي آل إبراهيمJamāl Jaʿfar Muḥammad ʿAlīy ʾĀl ʾIbrāhīm, 16 November 1954 – 3 January 2020), better known by hiskunyaAbu Mahdi al-Muhandis (Arabic:أبو مهدي المهندس,lit. 'Father of Mahdi, the Engineer'), was an Iraqi paramilitary leader and former chief of staff of thePopular Mobilization Forces (PMF). At the time of his death, he was deputy chairman of the PMC.
From 1977, he was an opponent ofSaddam Hussein. He became the commander of volunteer militias that grew from the need to combat ISIS, including theKata'ib Hezbollah paramilitary group,[1][2] which is designated a terror organisation by the governments of Japan, the US and the UAE;[3] and prior to that worked with theIranian Revolutionary Guards (IRGC) against Saddam's regime.[4] Muhandis was on the United States list of designated terrorists since 2009.[5]
Allegations of terrorism have been levelled against him over his activities in Kuwait in the 1980s.[6][7] He was sentenced to death in absentia in 2007[8] by a court in Kuwait for his involvement in the1983 Kuwait bombings.[9][5][10] However, this has been disputed due to his role in combating theBa’ath Party regime rather than supporting it (via attacking Kuwait).[citation needed] The charges were dropped when thenew Iraqi government was formed in 2004.[citation needed] The organisations he oversaw, such as the Popular Mobilization Forces have been reported to have close links to the IRGC'sQuds Force. Al-Muhandis was held responsible for planning theattack on the American embassy in Baghdad in late December 2019.[11]
He was tracked down and killed by atargeted U.S. drone strike nearBaghdad International Airport on 3 January 2020, which also killed the head of Iran's expeditionaryQuds ForceQasem Soleimani.[12]
His birth name was Jamal Ja'far Muhammad Ali Al Ibrahim. He was born on 16 November 1954 inAbu Al-Khaseeb District,Basra Governorate, Iraq,[13] to an Iraqi father and an Iranian mother.[7] He finished his studies in engineering in 1977 and in the same year joined the Iraq-basedShi'teDawa Party, which opposed the Ba'athist government.[9]
On 1979, after the activity of the Dawa Party was banned and hundreds of opponents were sentenced to death by Saddam Hussein.[14] Al-Muhandis fled, across the border toAhvaz in Iran, where the Iranians had set up a camp to train Iraqi dissidents, with the aim of undermining Saddam.[9] He was known as Jamal al-Ibrahimi in Iran and he became a citizen of Iran after a marriage.[14] He began working withIran's Revolutionary Guard in Kuwait in 1983, organizing attacks on embassies of countries that supported Saddam in theIran–Iraq War.[4] Hours after theDecember 1983 bomb attacks on U.S. and French embassies in Kuwait, he fled to Iran.[7] He was later convicted and sentenced to death in absentia by a court in Kuwait for planning the attacks.[9] He was later appointed a military adviser to theQuds Force,[15] advising on attacks against Iraqi military based in his hometown of Basra.[7]
He returned to Iraq following the2003 U.S.-led invasion of Iraq and served as a security adviser to the first Iraqi prime minister after the invasion,Ibrahim al-Jaafari.[9] In 2005, he was elected to theIraqi Parliament as a Dawa Party representative for theBabil Governorate.[7] When U.S. officials realised his identity and connection with the 1983 attacks, they raised the issue with then-Iraqi prime ministerNouri al-Maliki in 2006 or 2007.[9] He had to flee to Iran. He formedKata'ib Hezbollah between 2003 and 2007.[15][16]
He returned to Iraq following thewithdrawal of US troops (December 2011) to head the Kata'ib Hezbollah militia;[4] he then became deputy chief of thePopular Mobilization Forces.[17]
On 31 December 2019, U.S. Secretary of StateMike Pompeo named al-Muhandis, along withQais Khazali,Hadi al-Amiri, andFalih Alfayyadh, as responsible for theattack on the United States embassy in Baghdad.[18]
After the formation of thePopular Mobilization Forces (PMF) as a group in 2014[19] that originated to help Iraq defeat ISIL,[20] he was appointed to command the group.[21] The PMF group was composed of some 40 militias that fought in nearly every major battle against ISIL.[22]
In 2009, al-Muhandis was sanctioned by theUnited States Department of the Treasury for allegedly helping theIRGC.[20] Muhandis was also accused of being linked to theIJO who participated in1983 United States embassy bombing in Beirut.[23]
Abu Mahdi was killed on 3 January 2020 around 1:00 a.m. local time (22:00 UTC 2 January),[24] by theU.S.drone strike which targeted Qasem Soleimani and his convoy nearBaghdad International Airport.[25][26]BBC News,NBC News,DW News,Time,The Guardian,Euronews,Al Jazeera and other media outlets have described the killing as an assassination.[27][28][29][30][31]
Palestinian Islamic Jihad (PIJ) group mentioned him as one of the symbols of Iraqi liberation from the US occupation and also condolences to the Iraqi for the death of Abu Mahdi al-Muhandis.[32]
On 4 January, a funeral procession for Abu Mahdi al-Muhandis and Soleimani was held in Baghdad with thousands of mourners in attendance, waving Iraqi and militia flags[33] and chanting "death to America,death to Israel".[34] The procession started at theAl-Kadhimiya Mosque in Baghdad. Iraq's prime minister,Adil Abdul-Mahdi, and leaders of Iran-backed militias attended the funeral procession.[35] They were taken to the holy Shia cities ofNajaf[36] andKarbala were held funeral prayers on them.[37]
He was transferred to Iran for the DNA test.[37] A funeral procession was started fromAhvaz then was taken them toMashhad. On 6 January, Iranian Supreme LeaderAli Khamenei held funeral prayers among hundreds of thousands of people and crying in front of the flag-draped coffins for the deceased.[38][39] On 7 January, his body was returned to Iraq and transferred to his hometown of Basra.[40] His burial was delayed because of the huge crowd at the funeral.[37] On 8 January, Al-Muhandis was buried in Iraq's Najaf where hundreds of mourners gathered to pay their final respects. Funeral processions were also held in several Iraqi cities prior to Najaf, including Baghdad and Karbala.[41]
On 3 January 2021, the first anniversary of Qassem Soleimani and Abu Mahdi al-Muhandis' deaths was observed in Baghdad.[42] Tens of thousands of Iraqis marched on the highway leading to the airport while chanting anti-American slogans.[43]
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