Abdul Haq عبد الحق | |
|---|---|
 | |
| 1st Chancellor ofDarul Uloom Haqqania | |
| In office 23 September 1947 – 7 September 1988 | |
| Succeeded by | Sami-ul-Haq |
| Member of the National Assembly | |
| In office 14 April 1972 – 10 January 1974 In office 26 March 1977 – 5 July 1977 In office 20 March 1985 – 29 May 1988 | |
| Constituency | Peshawar Division |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 11 January 1912 |
| Died | 7 September 1988(1988-09-07) (aged 76) |
| Nationality | Pakistani |
| Political party | Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam |
| Children | Sami-ul-Haq (son) |
| Alma mater | Darul Uloom Deoband |
| Occupation | Islamic scholar,Teacher, Politician |
| Awards | Sitara-i-Imtiaz (Star of Distinction) by thePresident of Pakistan in 1981 Honorary PhD in Divinity,University of Peshawar |
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| Deobandi jihadism |
| Deobandi jihadism: |
Abdul Haq (Urdu:عبدالحق,Pashto:عبدالحق; 11 January 1912 – 7 September 1988), also known asAbdul Haq Akorwi was a PakistaniDeobandiIslamic scholar and the founder, chancellor, andSheikh al-Hadith of theIslamic seminaryDarul Uloom Haqqania. He also served asvice-president ofWifaq ul Madaris Al-Arabia, Pakistan.[1]
He was involved in politics as a member of the political partyJamiat Ulema-e-Islam. He served three times in theNational Assembly of Pakistan and was an active proponent of theKhatme Nabuwwat movement.
Abdul Haq completed his religious education atDarul Uloom Deoband inDeoband,India. He taught at Deoband for four years until difficulties arose due to theindependence of Pakistan. In 1947, he founded Darul Uloom Haqqania inAkora Khattak, one of the first Islamic seminaries to be established in Pakistan. He taught hadith at the madrasah for the rest of his life and was well known by the title "Shaykh al-Hadith".[2]
His son,Sami ul Haq, succeeded him as chancellor of Darul Uloom Haqqania. Abdul Haq's sermons have been published by his son in two volumes containing over 1,300 pages, entitledDa`wat-i Haq.[3]
Abdul Haq was born in the city ofAkora Khattak,Peshawar District,North-West Frontier Province (NWFP),British India, the son of Haji Maruf Gul, a local landlord, businessman, and religious scholar. According to family belief, Abdul Haq was born in 1912 or 1914.[2] Muhammad Akbar Shah Bukhari, however, writes inAkabir Ulama-i Deoband that he was born on "7 Muharram al-Haram 1327 AH, Sunday, corresponding to January 1910".[4] This is an error since Sunday 7 Muharram 1327 corresponds to 31 January 1909, not 1910. Another source gives his date of birth as 7 Muharram 1330 AH[5] (c. 29 December 1911). Hisnasab (patronymic) is given as follows: Shaykhul-Ḥadīs̱ Mawlānā ‘Abdul-Ḥaqq ibn Akhūnzādah al-Ḥājj Mawlānā Muḥammad Ma‘rūf Gul ibn Akhūnzādah al-Ḥājj Mawlānā Mīr Aftāb ibn Akhūnzādah Mawlānā ‘Abdul-Ḥamīd ibn Mawlānā ‘Abdur-Raḥīm Akhūnkhel ibn Mawlānā ‘Abdul-Wāḥid Akhūnkhel.[5]
Abdul Haq received his early education from his parents. Then for elementary religious studies, he was sent to nearby places inPeshawar,Mardan, andChhachh.[2] In Mardan, he studied with Inayatullah and Abdul Jamil.[4] Until the age of 16, he had studied locally the books up toMulla Hasan.[4] For higher studies he traveled further, studying first inmadrasahs inMeerut,Amroha, Gulavati, andCalcutta before gaining admission to the prestigiousDarul Uloom Deoband in Shawwal 1347 (March 1929).[2][4] Abdul Haq writes of the difficulty he faced in admission, "I arrived at Deoband at such a time when the Bengali and Swati students had quarreled and there was no flexibility in admission policy forPathan students. I also had to face the problem of admission."[6]
He completeddaurah of hadith, the final stage of theDars-i Nizami curriculum, under the supervision ofHussain Ahmad Madani, receiving hissanad-i faraghat (graduate degree) in 1352 AH (1933/1934).[2][4][6] Some of his other teachers included Rasul Khan Hazarvi,Muhammad Ibrahim Baliyawi, andMuhammad Shafi.[4]
Abdul Haq returned to Akora Khattak and, on the instruction of his father, opened a smallmadrasah in amosque adjacent to his house in order to provide a basic and religious education to the children in the area. In 1937, he began aprimary school which was inaugurated by Husain Ahmad Madani. Soon, the number of students increased and other teachers were appointed.[2][6]
Abdul Haq was later offered a teaching post atDarul Uloom Deoband by Madani. After consulting with his father, he joined Darul Uloom Deoband in Shawwal 1362 AH (October 1943).[2][6]
In 1947, Abdul Haq had returned to Akora Khattak during theRamadan vacation. After theindependence of Pakistan in 1947, his father did not agree to him returning to Deoband, despite Madani's persuasion and promise of security. Consequently, Abdul Haq foundedDarul Uloom Haqqania in Akora Khattak on 23 September 1947.[6] In the first year, many madrasah students who were unable to return to India came to Darul Uloom Haqqania to completedaurah of hadith with Abdul Haq.[4] At first he was the sole teacher and had to teach all the books of theDars-i Nizami curriculum himself, but over time the number of students grew and other teachers joined. Abdul Haq continued to teachhadith at the school until his death in 1988.[2][6]
Abdul Haq also served as the convener ofWifaq al-Madaris al-Arabiya.
Abdul Haq joined other Islamic graduates in forming the Pakistani political partyJamiat Ulema-e-Islam (JUI), which endeavored for the implementation ofIslamic law in the country.[6]
Abdul Haq was elected to theNational Assembly of Pakistan in three consecutive elections, his election campaigns being led by his son,Sami ul Haq.[7] In 1970, running on the JUI ticket, Abdul Haq was elected to the 5th National Assembly, defeatingAjmal Khattak of theNational Awami Party andNasrullah Khan Khattak of thePakistan Peoples Party (PPP).[6][8] In the1977 general election, he was elected to the 6th National Assembly, running on the ticket of thePakistan National Alliance, a nine-party alliance including JUI. He again defeated Nasrullah Khan Khattak, thenChief Minister of NWFP and provincial president of the PPP.[6][9] He was elected to the 7th National Assembly in the1985 general election, which was held on a non-party basis.[10]
Abdul Haq was active in the Khatme Nabuwwat movement. In his lectures, he stressed the importance of the concept offinality of prophethood and argued against the interpretations ofQuranic verses andhadiths used byAhmadis to support their beliefs. He was one of the signatories of the resolution moved on 30 June 1974 in the National Assembly in support of declaring Ahmadis as non-Muslims in Pakistan.[2][11][12]
When theSoviets invaded Afghanistan in 1979, Abdul Haq declared the Afghan resistance to be ajihad and an ideological struggle between Islam andcommunism.[6] The ruling stating this was issued by Darul Uloom Haqqania. Abdul Haq made monetary contributions in support of theAfghan Mujahideen and prayed for their success. On many occasions, he expressed his desire to fight, but he was unable to do so due to his old age and failing health.[6]
Abdul Haq was adisciple ofHaji Sahib Turangzai. He gavebay'ah at the hands of otherSufis includingHussain Ahmad Madani, Khawaja Abdul Malik Siddiqi, and theFaqir of Ipi.[2]
Abdul Haq died on 7 September 1988, at the age of 74 or 76, atKhyber Hospital inPeshawar,North-West Frontier Province,Pakistan.[2][6]
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